Definition And Value Assumptions Of Social Work Essay

Critical Analysis Paper 1 To practice social work, it is essential to understand the goals and values of the field. Although social work seems easy to define, it is a very widespread profession that is built on strong value assumptions. The application of theories in social work is a large part of understanding and carrying out the practice. Systems theory is a widely known theory used in social work, but it brings debate upon whether it should be used as the main theory in social work practice or not. #1A: Definition and Value Assumptions of Social Work In short, social work is a profession geared towards helping others. Social work can be separated into a micro and macro level approach, as the profession holds an awareness of the connection between individuals and the environments they are a part of. Whether it is an individual, group, community, or all of society in need, a social worker strives to improve the general well-being of each, and promote the worth of every individual. Because a social worker’s job is to advocate and protect the rights of individuals and groups, they most often are working with the oppressed, disadvantaged, discriminated against, or those left-behind. This definition of social work holds some different value assumptions. To start, human worth is a value held in high importance. If humans were not valued, then the service of social workers would not be helpful or needed. Another value assumption is that everyone deserves an equalShow MoreRelatedSummary of Value/Evaluation by Barbara Hernstein Smith Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Value/Evaluation In her essay Value/Evaluation, Barbara Herrnstein Smith reflects upon the shifting nature of the evaluation process, and what exactly the meaning of value is. She begins by pointing out that the dispute on the value of something occurs whenever any social activity becomes the focal point of a discussion. However, Smith points out, the perspective on value and evaluation has changed dramatically, and is still a topic of debate. These new perspectives indicateRead MoreThe Oecd ( 2011, 103 ) Defines Social Capital As Being Network Together With Shared Norms, Values845 Words   |  4 PagesThe OECD (2011: 103) defines social capital as being â€Å"networks together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation within or among groups†. In realising this definition the OECD is promoting an ideal societal structure where family and friends are considered as offering value to the lives of others. Here, the term is concerned with the acquisition and perp etuation of a series of values and ethics that promote societal cultural norms. This approach is not dissimilarRead MoreOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis Concept analysis helps to clarify vague or ambiguous concepts. 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Narrow definition of culture is limited to the terms of ethnicity and nationality, which are important for individual and familial identity, but the concept of cultureRead MoreDiversity, Assumption And Ethnocentrism1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the world and in specific Canada. I intend to focus on what diversity, assumption and ethnocentrism are and how in the nursing profession, it is important to be aware of these and the ways in which they all can hinder our nursing care. I will also focus on how we may need to find ways to accommodate diversities while providing care for clients, ways that assumption may hinder our nursing care or how some ethnocentric values may negatively influence ou r nursing care. Diversity According to OregonRead MoreMisunderstanding Relationships in Boogie Nights Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesfilm also serves to echo the same flaws found in Plato’s ideal forms. Boogie Nights attempts to demonstrate the false nature of a definite, meaningful love by disrupting its categorization and presenting the absurdity of its definition. Jack’s movie cannot exist by definition, and as a product of natural language neither can the common conception of love. The primary relationship in Boogie Nights is that between Eddie, Jack, and Amber. Though he lacks a positive family background, Eddie Adams canRead MoreComponents Within Organization Culture And The Management Of The Culture1121 Words   |  5 Pagesreplicate. In corporation culture, there are also key elements such as beliefs, values and norms. This essay talks about evaluating thoroughly about components within organization culture and the management of the culture in hospitality perspective. Definition of Organizational Culture Organizational culture is a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs, which governs how people behave in organizations. These shared values have a strong influence on the people in the organization and dictate how

Bureaucracy And Activism How Public Art Essay - 2090 Words

II - Subversion of bureaucracy and activism: how public art is key to the education of criticism. Art did not start off by being ‘anything the art world says is art is art’.1 During the 18th century the maxim that art ‘was not to serve any master but itself’2 corroborates ‘the notion of artistic freedom. This was (†¦) an integral value to an artistic practice; it was contrasted (†¦) with the unfreedom of institutions, the state or the bourgeoisie’3. With neo-liberal practices being implemented by Thatcher in England between 1979 and 1990, the arts suffered increasingly corporatization and privatization, which led to seeing the arts as a business, with a heftier load of bureaucratization mounting. Nowadays bureaucracy is so assimilated in every aspect of our lives that isn’t not spoken about. Nonetheless, Graeber argues that â€Å"in practice, bureaucratic procedure invariably means ignoring all the subtleties of real social existence and reducing everything to preconceived mechanical or statistical formulae.†4 In addition, bureaucracy influences our lives because we need to engage with it. It provides conceptual short-cutting, which the Arts Council started suffering from, which Latham points out on the ruling of withdrawal of funding for the APG5. A ‘pure-art’ ideology was being fostered, and censorship started to emerge in the art world even by means of destroying works.6 Of paramount importance to this discussion, is that ‘the APG shifted the function of artShow MoreRelated Brave New World - A Wake-Up Call for Humanity Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesand we are becoming more and more socially dependent on it. In the Brave New World, Huxley states that we are moving in the direction of Utopia much more rapidly than anyone had ever anticipated. Its goal is achieving happiness by giving up science, art, religion and other things we cherish in our world. It is an inhumane society controlled by technology where human beings are produced on assembly line. His prophetic elem ents of human beings being conditioned, the concerns for the environment, importanceRead MorePol 201 American National Government2975 Words   |  12 Pagesand 2012, public dissatisfaction with Congress rose to all time highs, with 70-80% expressing disapproval with how Congress does its job. Many commentators note that Americans are fed up with Washington â€Å"grid-lock† that makes government apparently unable to address important problems. Other observers believe that the national government is acting according to its design, based on separation of powers and checks and balances. 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Organization Theory and Practice of Change Management

Question: Discuss about the Organization Theory and Practice of Change Management. Answer: Introduction: Resistance to change is a common scenario for all organisations as employees do not embrace changes much often and rather opposes them. A number of factors lead to resistance to change, the most significant one being poor change management at the managerial level. The typical reasons accounting for resistance to changes are misunderstanding about the requirement fro bringing about the change, fear of the facts that are unknown, lack of adequate competency level, lower level of trust and confidence, poor communication and exhaustion or saturation. Resistance can also arise fro notions regarding the change that individuals hold. In addition, individuals do not want to bring about changes if they feel that the rewards and benefits that they are getting are not enough as compared to the challenges they need to face for abiding by the change. Individuals who believe that the present way of working is according to the best interests of them do not want to adopt to changes and compromise on their interests (Thomas Hardy, 2011). According to Battilana and Casciaro (2013), people resist changes in an organisation when they feel that the change is not worth of taking active steps. A hard truth regarding resistance to change is that employee often does not have the required experience, skills and competency level to adapt to the changes that are proposed. Another rationale behind change resistance is that individuals do not trust the managerial levels with bringing about the change at the correct time managing them adequately. People also at times are certain that the proposed change is a temporary whim. Managers expect resistance to changes from the employees end nd starts planning for a change management program that allows for effective objectives. Managers view resistance as the means of denying the needs of bringing certain changes in the organisation that can be beneficial for the organisation. In companies, supervisors and managers are the ones to bring about change, and they perceive resistance to change as opposition put forward by the employees against their leadership and management styles and practices. Taking an example from the case study of Walmart, the managers of this highly reputed company of the world have the believe that resistance to change within the organisation is attempts made by the employees to not adopt to new technological advancements. The employees lack motivation for undertaking a continuous complex process involved in practising new technologies and operating them in practice (Benn et al., 2014). The key theoretical concept of resistance as pathology looks into the key symptoms and the implications for the managers. Changes in an organisation initiate with key decision makers. Poor communication leads to resistance to change along with self-interest, feelings of exclusion, lack of trust and dearth of training and skills. Change may be inevitable in the organisation but resistance to change is also a natural phenomenon. There are several ways in which resistance manifests itself. Aggression or hostility is an immediate reaction to change. Tardiness and absenteeism are other signs of resistance. Development of apathy towards work and development of tension and anxiety also indicate resistance. At the distinct levels, additional signs of resistance may be demonstrated. Another strategy adopted by the individuals resorting to resistance is a restriction of output. Resistance as a psychological parameter encompasses the factors pertaining to the psychological needs of the individu als resorting to resistance. Individuals resist changes when they feel that their psychological needs are not met. These needs mainly are self-fulfilment, achievement and sense of pride. Employees may not be liking criticism possessed in a change that the current method is unsuitable or in adequate. Employees may be having the fear of getting lesser opportunities to bring developments in their personal skills that lead to a reduction in their pride. Monotony and boredom may also be a contributing factor. A negative psychology underpins the resistance to change. This may also be due to lack of knowledge of the complete change and the implications of it. The sociological approach of resistance is a significant topic of discussion. Individuals have typical social needs like belongingness and friendship that are vital for informal relationships in an organisation. They are members of informal groups and form to be members of the group for resisting changes. The resistance to change has a prime focus on human relationships and their issues. Employees usually resist those changes that have a deep impact on the social relationships and pose a threat to their security. A change has the power to incorporate a feeling of significant insecurity as it brings forward challenges in the path of doing things in own way. In addition, individuals may face difficulty in giving up the old customs and habits (Clegg Matos, 2017). Social constructivism approach provides a meaningful way of understanding some of the key concepts of organisational culture, including change and resistance. The general assumption of social constructivism is that knowledge is not unbiased and exclusive of embodied aspects of human emotions and experiences. Change is a major subject of social constructionist theory. The method in which change is distinctly shaped by different organisational actors often stimulates conversations about that has equal chances of resulting and not resulting in shared understandings. Resistance may be culturally acceptable in an organisation and may also be thought to be negotiable. However, it may also be unaccepted as a major barrier that is difficult to deal with or difficult to manage. The emotions that individuals have suppressed or expressed at the time of change brought about by an organisation are formed by social relationships within the organisation or outside of it. Scientific objectivism expr esses the idea that claims and methods of any scientific procedure are not or must not be influenced by certain personal interests, value commitments and personal perspectives. In relation to resistance in the organisation, it can be stated that resistance is often guided by personal bias and particular perspectives. This approach is not suitable in the organisational context. It is a value that resistance must only be considered when it is ethical and free of personal commitments within the organisational context (Morgan, 2014). Mathews et al., (2016) highlight that the relationship between power and resistance has been subjected to different theories pertaining to different organisational contexts. A suitable starting point to think about the power-resistance-organisation relationship is to look at the organisation as a site for competition for economic and political gains. The relationship between resistance and power is complex to a considerable extent. While considering the relationship between employee resistance and managerial power, the researchers highlighted that interpersonal mistreatment done by managers, by the virtue of power, leads to resistance and retaliation. Conditions where there is multiple unfairness, procedural, interactional and distributive, there is a higher level of retaliatory behaviour. It is to be noted that such behaviour, exercised when one has the supreme power, characterises resistance and vengeance. The common actions considered by employees are disobeying of instructions by management, leaving tasks unfinished and spreading false rumours about the management and fellow employees. Employees engage in resistance for revolting against negative power exhibition and abusive treatment. In addition, individuals expect unconstructive reciprocity to have a deep impact on resistance and abusive management. Ybema et al., (2016) analyse that positive power authority and an effective communication between the managers and the employees leads to the breakdown of challenges arising in the path of change resistance. When managers and supervisors do not misuse their powers and treat the employees in a justified manner, abiding by all the rules and policies, employees are motivated to embrace the proposed change put forward by the management and are ready to take active steps in this regard. The realities of demands of the workforce are in contradiction with the traditional views of the management. The managers may not be showing interest in considering the inputs of employees in all major decision making processes. On the other hand, if managers consider accumulating the feedback and suggestions from employees, they would feel valued and important as a part of the organisation. As a result, they can be more open to change and ready to bring upgrade their skills and expertise for sustaining th e change (Cameron Green, 2015). Boohene and Williams (2012) have explored the resistance to organisational change and the relationship between power and resistance based on the case study of Oti Yeboah Complex Limited. As per the authors, in situations where managers do not allow for increased participation of the employees in significant matters of the organisation, it is likely that employees of Oti Yeboah Complex Limited suffer from lack of motivation to contribute to change process and therefore resist it. Poor channels of information exchange and communication from the managers end lead to resistance to change in the organisation. The study conducted by the authors demonstrated that if management encouraged employee decision, they gain increased confidence and accept changes. Ethical issues are critical on both the manager and the employees end pertaining to change resistance. It is the duty of the management to abide by ethical principles of deontology and utilitarianism while proposing the change to be brought about in the organisation. This implies that the change is to be for the benefit of the maximum individuals. Moreover, it must be noted that harm is not to be caused to anyone that bring about negative perceptions about the organisation. From the employee viewpoint, if the change proposed has the potential to bring benefits for the organisation at large, the employees must consider adopting the change without putting personal benefits at the forefront. Employees need to work as per the best interest of the organisation since this would bring personal and professional developments for the employees. Both managers and employees must promote and encourage proper work ethics within the organisation (Hon et al., 2014). According to Hayes (2014), change agents in an organisation helps in facilitating strategic transformations. Change agents help in clearing the path for change and eliminating any arising obstacles. The successful change made in an ethical manner needs a psychological understanding of what the actual implications of change are. The most crucial quality of a change is power. The leaders and agents of change can be from any level of the organisational hierarchy. By means of their status, title, expertise and importance the key individuals may utilise power to hold the position of all-important change agents. It is their duty to oversee the whole process of change management and eliminate any growing resistance that is unwanted. Probable change agents usually have power, but they must consider exhibiting the appropriate kind of power in order to be the suitable change agent. Every organisation possess some unique kind of power that draws upon organisational transformation. Watson (2013) states that power and resistance operate together to form a web of relations for influencing the change agent. In such a relationship the potentials for resistance is always there whereas power is seldom complete. Power can be exercised with the help of several points of pressure, and the same is the case for resistance. The struggles are not always repressive as there lies a creative potential when negotiation of meanings is done. Cummings and Worley (2014) argue that resistance and power implicate each other and there are no relations of power when resistance is not there. Resistance can be considered as an adaptive reaction to power as resistance works in tandem with power. In addition, resistance forms at those points where we find the power to be exercised. Resistance opposes power, both diametrically as well as transversely. Such acts of predominant refusal involve power. Resistance is a dysfunctional and illegitimate use of power and literature has put emphasis o n power as utilised for defeating and conflict and overcoming resistance. From a critical viewpoint, power can accommodate the traditional change theory of organisations. Special attention is to be paid to organisational decision-making, structuring, and resistance done against change. Management of power as an incorporated arrangement of normative and cultural assumptions is crucial. Communication strategies and intervention methods are to be believed and noticed as the tools of change agents for the prevention of resistance and effecting changes from different viewpoints for managerial reasons. References Battilana, J., Casciaro, T. (2013). Overcoming resistance to organizational change: Strong ties and affective cooptation.Management Science,59(4), 819-836. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Boohene, R., Williams, A. A. (2012). Resistance to organisational change: A case study of Oti Yeboah Complex Limited.International Business and Management,4(1), 135-145. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Clegg, S. R., Matos, J. (2017). Sustainability and Organizational Change Management. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hon, A. H., Bloom, M., Crant, J. M. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance.Journal of Management,40(3), 919-941. Mathews, B., Mathews, B., Linski, C. M., Linski, C. M. (2016). Shifting the paradigm: reevaluating resistance to organizational change.Journal of Organizational Change Management,29(6), 963-972. Morgan, G. (2013).Riding the waves of change. Imaginization Inc. Thomas, R., Hardy, C. (2011). Reframing resistance to organizational change.Scandinavian Journal of Management,27(3), 322-331. Watson, G. (2013). Resistance to change.R. Cohen, J. McManus, D. Fox, C. Kastelnik, Psych City: A Simulated Community, 246-257. Ybema, S., Thomas, R., Hardy, C. (2016). Organizational Change and Resistance: An Identity Perspective.The SAGE Handbook of Resistance, 386.

Mosaic of Thought Workshop for Reading Comprehension

'Mosaic of Thought' Workshop for Reading Comprehension When was the last time you finished a book and you were asked to complete a worksheet about it? You probably havent had to do that since you were a student yourself, however, this is something that most of us ask our students to do on a daily basis. To me, this doesnt make much sense. Shouldnt we teach students to read and comprehend books in a manner that is consistent with how they will read and comprehend as adults? The book Mosaic of Thought by Ellin Oliver Keene and Susan Zimmermann, as well as the Readers Workshop method, moves away from worksheets with comprehension questions that use more real-world, student-driven instruction. Rather than depend solely on small reading groups, the Readers Workshop method blends whole group instruction, small needs-based groups, and individual conferring to guide students through the application of the seven basic comprehension strategies. What are the thinking strategies that all proficient readers use as they read? Determining What is Important - Identifying themes and diminishing focus on less important ideas or pieces of informationDrawing Inferences - Combining background knowledge and textual information to draw conclusions and interpret factsUsing Prior Knowledge - Building on previous knowledge and experiences to aid in comprehension of the textAsking Questions - Wondering and inquiring about the book before, during, and after readingMonitoring Comprehension and Meaning - Using an inner voice to think about if the text makes sense or notCreating Mental Images - Implementing the five senses to build images in the mind that enhance the experience of reading Believe it or not, many children may not even know that they are supposed to be thinking as they read! Ask your students if they know to think as they read - you may be shocked by what they tell you! Ask your students, Did you know that its OK not to understand everything you read? They will most likely look at you, surprised, and answer, It is? Talk a little bit about some of the ways that you can build your understanding when you are confused. As you know, even adult readers, are confused sometimes when they read. But, we bet it made them feel a little better to know that they dont have to fake understanding when they read; the best readers question, reread, look for context clues, and more in order to better understand and move through the text. To get started with the Mosaic of Thought reading strategies, choose one of the comprehension strategies to focus on for a full six to ten weeks. Even if you only get to a few of the strategies in a year, you will be doing a major educational service for your students. Here is a sample schedule for an hour-long session: 15-20 minutes - Present a mini-lesson that models how to use the given strategy for a certain book. Try to pick a book that really lends itself to this strategy. Think aloud and you demonstrate how good readers think as they read. At the end of the mini-lesson, give the kids an assignment for the day that they will do as they read the books of their own choosing. For example, Kids, today you will use sticky notes to mark the places where you could really visualize what was going on in your book. 15 minutes - Meet with small needs-based groups to meet the needs of students who need extra guidance and practice in this comprehension area. You can also build in time here to meet with 1 to 2 small guided reading groups, as you may be doing in your classroom now. 20 minutes - Use this time for one-on-one conferring with your students. Try to get to 4 to 5 students per day, if you can. As you meet, delve deep with each student and have him or her demonstrate to you exactly how they are using this strategy as they read. 5-10 minutes - Meet again as a whole group to review what everyone accomplished and learned for the day, in relation to the strategy. Of course, as with any instructional technique that you encounter, you can adapt this concept and this suggested schedule to fit your needs and your classroom situation. Source Oliver Keene, Ellin. Mosaic of Thought: The Power of Comprehension Strategy Instruction. Susan Zimmermann,  2nd Edition, Heinemann, May 2, 2007.

Why People Share The Psychology of Social Sharing - CoSchedule Blog

Why People Share The Psychology of Social Sharing Blog How do you get more people to share your content? It’s a simple question that lacks a simple answer. But, perhaps it’s not as complicated as you think. In a fascinating study conducted by The New York Times Customer Insight Group, it was discovered that there are five key reasons people decide to share something with others. This study on the psychology of sharing and word-of-mouth movements uncovers an important opportunity for marketers who want to do a better job growing their audience. By understanding why people share, you can better assess your own content, and its ability to result in sustainable growth and traffic to your blog. These important insights may be all that you are missing in growing a high-traffic blog. How do you get more people to share your #contentmarketing?  The Psychology of Social SharingSpoiler Alert: It’s All About Relationships I’ve probably said it a gazillion times – people buy (and share content) from those that they know, like, and trust. Most sharing, as it turns out, is primarily dependent on the personal relationships of your readers. The data shows that the likelihood of your content being shared has more to do with your readers relationship to others than their relationship to you. The most common reasons people share something with others are pretty  surprising. Let’s look at the data. To bring valuable and entertaining content to others.   49%  say sharing allows them to inform others of products they care about and potentially change opinions or encourage action To define ourselves to others.  68%  share to give people a better sense of who they are and what they care about To grow and nourish our relationships.  78%  share information online because it lets them stay connected  to people they may  not otherwise stay in touch with Self-fulfillment.  69%  share information because it allows them to feel more involved in the world To get the word out about causes or brands.  84%  share because  it is a way to support causes or issues they care about It was also found that some users share as a act of â€Å"information management.†Ã‚  73% of  respondents said that they process information more deeply, thoroughly and thoughtfully when they share it. Shareable content has more to do with your readers relationship to others than their relationship...So, what do we do with all of this? How do we actually apply it to our content? There are five big ways. 1. Bring Value To Your Readers – Every Time If your readers are sharing content that they know, like, and trust, then one of the most important aspects of our content has to be the sheer value that it offers your readers. Ask yourself, â€Å"what are my readers really getting in exchange for their time spent consuming my content? It is worth their time? Recommended Reading from Neil Patel: The 6 Types Of Social Media Content That Will Give You The Greatest Value On this blog, we frequently post content that goes well beyond the 500-600 word average that is accepted by most blogs. Sure, this is above and beyond the call of duty, but we don’t mind. Why? Because we consistently pack more information as practical advice into our posts that our competitors do. It is part of our blue ocean strategy. It is part of how we make our content more valuable to our readers. Always remember that the value you provide and the entertainment you offer can instantly make your content more sharable. You can do this too. Other options you might consider: How can you make your content more practical and actionable for your readers. Readers love putting advice into action. How you continually  supply your readers with new and unique content that has never been â€Å"done† before. How your content can provide more value than the next best post on the subject. (See the skyscraper technique) How you can compete with everything else that your readers are doing when consuming your content. As if that wasn’t enough, you also need to realize that good content comes with a high entertainment factor. Rather than a generic stock image, consider custom graphics or charts that present your content to readers in a brand new way. This content is easy to share and easy to love because it brings delight and surprise to your readers. If you haven’t before, consider a video or infographic as a way to add more value, and more entertainment, to your content. Above all, always remember that the value you provide and the entertainment you offer can instantly make your content more sharable. 2. Help Your Readers Define Themselves I love digital books, but I frequently miss the presence of a physical book sitting on my shelf. There is something about the books that I keep and their ability to define who I am. They are important indicators of how I define myself, and in the same way, so does the content I choose to share. This is an important reality to consider. I mean really, when is the last time you asked yourself how your content would help your readers â€Å"identify themselves.† Probably never, but yet it is one of the most common reasons people share content with their friends. For example, this post by Optimizely  is a great example of how users can identify themselves with your content. In the post, the author offers an opportunity for the reader to discover if they are, in-fact, a data-driven marketer. This identity dilemma gives readers a direct opportunity to define themselves to others by reading the post, and then sharing it with their own audience. By sharing it, they very well could be defining themselves as a data-drive marketer, and if that’s the case it is good motivation for them to tell others. Of course, to do this well you need to make sure that each piece of content you create has a single specific takeaway or point that your readers can focus on. Without focus, it will be difficult for your audience to identify with your content in a direct way.

Master Thesis

Master Thesis Master Thesis Master Thesis This page contains information that should help you to define and select a suitable thesis. The important step of master thesis writing is motivation. You have to argue why the thesis topic is worth of investigation. Write what is already known and what your work can add to the existing knowledge. Master thesis should not be short! References and details should be included in the chapter Background. Don't forget to write a thesis statement or research question. The thesis statement will provide the focus on the essentials of your master thesis. The goal of the thesis writing is to produce some new knowledge. You should structure and identify an old problem, develop a new solution to it. It is not easy to produce a new result, task but it is your chance to explore a new area and demonstrate your profound research skills. Describe the contributions you will make through writing a thesis; explain what the added value it creates to the existing body of knowledge and practitioners. For in stance, you may create models, guidelines, methods, processes, test hypothesis, evaluate feasibility, etc. Present the main considerable research that you would like to build upon in your master thesis. Show which references or paradigms you plan to follow and why. Present the fundamental concepts that are needed, define the objectives and scope of your work. Write a paragraph on each and refer to existing literature. Describe how you plan to address the problems and reach your goals, how you plan to conduct the necessary literature survey. Write what is already known about the area and the problem you are investigating. While writing a thesis don't forget about outline which can greatly help you with master thesis writing. Thesis Proposal Writing a thesis proposal, define a research problem following the below format: Background of the research problem. Problem definition. Theoretical background. Procedure. Materials and support Project schedule Bibliography Background of the research problem tells the reader the actuality of the master thesis. Problem definition states a problem and describes the previous approaches and explains why your approach is more effective. Theoretical background gives theoretical information and review of some published literature that is relevant to the thesis proposal problem. Procedure explain the reader how you will approach the problem by providing a detailed information. Materials and support describes what materials, instruments and facilities you will need to carry out your research. List and briefly discuss them. Project task breakdown and schedule - prepare a task breakdown and schedule of your work. Bibliography lists the publications you have consulted while writing a master thesis. Custom Thesis Writing Help If you are not sure in your ability to produce a well-researched master thesis meeting all academic requirements, you are welcome to place an order at and we will write a good master thesis for you in accordance to the instruction you provide.   We guarantee timely delivery and instant feedback!   We employ only professional master thesis writers!

A Petition to The President Of The United States Research Paper

A Petition to The President Of The United States - Research Paper Example This is not limited to the adversaries, but the future of Americans owing to their lack of adequate information (Gabor 52). Hence, the scientists besides their recognition of the president’s power, regarding its usage, they are using their expertise stand to dissuade him from applying it in attacking the Japanese. Since, they are acquainted with the impacts to their adversary where in retaliation, Japanese will hit back to the detriment of the common people who are unaware. Consequently, yield to utter destruction of both the property and human life (Gabor 51). This is ethos approach where its argument emanates from expertise the experts possess besides then foreseeing adverse effects that would befall Americans (Brown, Mullen & Mullen, 2009). Szilard, Leo and Cosigners efforts meant to dissuade atomic power application entailed emotional approach (pathos). This is evident when by their stating, â€Å"We feel, however, that such an attack on Japan could not be justified in the present circumstances† (Szilard & Cosigners, 1945). This aroused the president’s concern regarding to what the state had done by attacking, and destroying Japanese’s cities and planning to continue if it fails to comply with instituted conditions. Hence, somehow incline withdraw the state’s stand concerning the Japanese verdict of utter destruction. This is because of the experts’ displeasure regarding the whole idea of annihilation, which according it will result to their detriment once the adversary decides to adopt the similar method. Additionally, the emotional approach (pathos) coupled with tone evident in the work, unveiled the adverse effects if America maintained its verdict, which moved it to termination a ction of the atomic use. This is via prompting the president to reflect on the previous decisions that the state had taken by enacting a law that forbid it from utilizing atomic bombs. The arguers in this essay are trying to have the president’s attention regarding the devastation that would yield from the inception of the state’s verdict of utter annihilation of Japanese (Szilard, 1960). Since, the America would then bear the responsibility of marshalling in the era of devastation globally where it is inclusive. Besides, it has the power to either make the world be at peace or disrupt it by using atomic power against its already enacted law. Besides minor aspects meant to dissuade the president from using the atomic power, the arguers of this literature comprehensively utilize the skill of appealing. Primarily, this is via acknowledging that the decision regarding either to use or not lies with the president. The arguers contented that, the president possessed utter p ower as the Commander-In-Chief meant to sanction the application of atomic power on Japanese (Szilard & Cosigners, 1945). Additionally, the tone is that of a junior addressing a senior person from an advisory perspective, where the authority lies with high-ranking individual (Bernstein 40). This perspective owing to its non-authoritative nature and urging have made the literature attain its intention

Schizophernia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Schizophernia - Essay Example ioning for six months accompanied with disorganized behavior, mixture of psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), disorganized speech, motivational impairment and emotional disturbance. The disorder typically begins during early childhood or adolescence. Here, patients may not show symptoms or may show mild traits like mild cognitive disorganization, impaired social competence and anhedonia (diminished capacity to feel pleasure). Such traits may only be recognized in retrospect. They may be noticed more with impairment of academic, social and vocational functioning (Noll, 2007). In this phase, subclinical signs and symptoms may emerge. Such symptoms include isolation or withdrawal, unusual thoughts, irritability, perceptual distortions, suspiciousness, and disorganization. The onset of clear Schizophrenia (hallucinations and delusions) may be slow and insidious (over years) or sudden (over weeks or days) (Noll, 2007). In this phase the individual experiences psychotic symptoms such as delusions, grossly disorganized behavior and hallucinations (Noll, 2007). It is the state of full development of the disorder. The behavior of the patient may be so bizarre and extreme that it is necessary to hospitalize them. This phase may last for many weeks or months in case the patient is not treated with medication. In this phase obvious psychosis subsides but the patient still exhibit negative symptoms like lack of emotion, social withdrawal, and extremely low energy levels. The patient continues to hold strange beliefs, supernatural intelligence (Noll, 2007). The signs and symptoms of the disorder fall into three broad categories: negative symptoms, positive symptoms and cognitive symptoms. The positive symptoms refer to psychotic behaviors that are not seen in healthy individuals (Noll, 2007). Patients with positive symptoms usually lose touch with reality. Such symptoms include Individuals have trouble organizing their thoughts or connecting them logically.

Fast Food in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Fast Food in Malaysia Essay Restaurants have been around in some form for most of human civilization. But they usually catered to travelers. As far back as ancient Greece and Rome, inns and taverns generally served food to people who had a reason to be away from home. This trend continued until relatively recently. Although taverns and coffee houses were popular places to gather and share beverages in the 17th century, the idea of eating out for fun didnt take off in Western society until the late 18th century. Although McDonalds was the first restaurant to use the assembly-line system, some people think of White Castle as the first fast-food chain. White Castle was founded in 1921 in Wichita, Kansas. At the time, most people considered the burgers sold at fairs, circuses, lunch counters and carts to be low-quality. Many people thought hamburger came from slaughterhouse scraps and spoiled meat. White Castles founders decided to change the publics perception of hamburgers. They built their restaurants so that customers could see the food being prepared. They painted the buildings white and even chose a name that suggested cleanliness. White Castle was most popular in the American East and Midwest, but its success helped give hamburger meat a better reputation nationwide. So, like cars, White Castle played an important part in the development of fast food. Image courtesy Brands of the World The McDonald brothers opened their redesigned restaurant in 1948, and several fast-food chains that exist today opened soon after. Burger King and Taco Bell got their start in the 1950s, and Wendys opened in 1969. Some chains, like Carls Jr. , KFC and Jack in the Box, existed before the Speedee Service System, but modified their cooking techniques after its debut. McDonalds, which started it all, is now the worlds largest fast-food chain. According to the National Restaurant Association, American sales of fast food totaled $163. 5 billion in 2005 [ref]. The industry is growing globally as well. Total sales for McDonalds grew 5. 6 percent in 2005, and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries [ref and ref]. However, McDonalds and fast food in general does not always get a welcoming reception around the world. McDonalds restaurants have been attacked in several countries, including the United States, China, Belgium, Holland, India, Russia, Sweden and the U. K. Protestors have accused McDonalds and other chains of selling unhealthy food, marketing aggressively to children and undermining local values and culture.

Grapes Of Wrath - Jim Casy Chracter Analysis Essay -- essays research

John Steinbeck passionately describes a time of unfair poverty, unity, and the human spirit in the classic, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel tells of real, diverse characters who experience growth through turmoil and hardship. Jim Casy- a personal favorite character- is an ex-preacher that meets up with a former worshiper, Tom Joad. Casy continues a relationship with Tom and the rest of the Joads as they embark on a journey to California in the hopes of prosperity and possibly excess. Casy represents how the many situations in life impact the ever-changing souls of human- beings and the search within to discover one's true identity and beliefs. Casy, however, was much more complex than the average individual. His unpredjudiced, unified, Christ-like existence twists and turns with every mental and extraneous disaccord. Jim Casy is an interesting, complicated man. He can be seen as a modern day Christ figure, except without the tending manifest belief in the Christian faith. The initials of his name, J.C., are the same as Jesus Christ. Just as Jesus was exalted by many for what he stood for was supposed to be , Casy was hailed and respected by many for simply being a preacher. Casy and Jesus both saw a common goodness in the average man and saw every person as holy. Both Christ and Casy faced struggles between their ideals versus the real world. (Despite Casy's honesty, goodness, and loyalty to all men, he would not earn a meal or warm place to stay. Although Jesus had many followers, still others opposed his preaching until the very end. ) These prophets attempted to disengage man from the cares of the world and create a high spiritualism that stemmed joy from misery. (All the migrants found pleasures along their trips and kept their hope and spirit throughout the journey. Thanks to Jesus, the sadd est, dullest existence has had its glimpse of heaven.) Casy once remarked, "I gotta see them folks that's gone out on the road. I gotta feelin' I got to see them. They gonna need help no preachin' can give 'em. Hope of heaven when their lives ain't lived? Holy Sperit when their own sperit is downcast an' sad?" Casy wished to reach out to others in spite of his own troubles. He wanted to give them sprit, hope and rejuvenate their souls. Jesus too felt that need and can be considered "the great consoler of life." The Life of Jesus by Ernest Renan ... ...ist-like, harmonious, unprovincial, somewhat realistic charcter who has seen the challenges of organization, authority, his own faith, reception from others, and his own ever- changing personality. This man can be looked at as a martyr, ethical, sacred individual, and yet ironically "Okie", hobo, or virtue-less bum. However The Grapes of Wrath and Jim Casy are undisputed symbols of hope, dreams, spirit and the oneness of all humanity. To me personally, Jim Casy is a role-model to any one who aspires to think original thoughts. I find his defiance of organized religion thought-provoking and inspiring. His ideas of nature are prophetic and his selfless love of people beautiful. Jim Casy's essence of understanding, dreams, love, hope and belief in an almighty holiness can be summed up in one quote, "An' Almighty God never raised no wages. These here folks want to live decent and bring up their kids decent. An' when they're old they wanta set in the door an' watch the downing sun. An' when they're young they wanta dance an' sing an' lay together. They wanta eat an' get drunk and work. An' that's it- they wanta jus' fling their goddamn muscles aroun' an' get tired." Grapes Of Wrath - Jim Casy Chracter Analysis Essay -- essays research John Steinbeck passionately describes a time of unfair poverty, unity, and the human spirit in the classic, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel tells of real, diverse characters who experience growth through turmoil and hardship. Jim Casy- a personal favorite character- is an ex-preacher that meets up with a former worshiper, Tom Joad. Casy continues a relationship with Tom and the rest of the Joads as they embark on a journey to California in the hopes of prosperity and possibly excess. Casy represents how the many situations in life impact the ever-changing souls of human- beings and the search within to discover one's true identity and beliefs. Casy, however, was much more complex than the average individual. His unpredjudiced, unified, Christ-like existence twists and turns with every mental and extraneous disaccord. Jim Casy is an interesting, complicated man. He can be seen as a modern day Christ figure, except without the tending manifest belief in the Christian faith. The initials of his name, J.C., are the same as Jesus Christ. Just as Jesus was exalted by many for what he stood for was supposed to be , Casy was hailed and respected by many for simply being a preacher. Casy and Jesus both saw a common goodness in the average man and saw every person as holy. Both Christ and Casy faced struggles between their ideals versus the real world. (Despite Casy's honesty, goodness, and loyalty to all men, he would not earn a meal or warm place to stay. Although Jesus had many followers, still others opposed his preaching until the very end. ) These prophets attempted to disengage man from the cares of the world and create a high spiritualism that stemmed joy from misery. (All the migrants found pleasures along their trips and kept their hope and spirit throughout the journey. Thanks to Jesus, the sadd est, dullest existence has had its glimpse of heaven.) Casy once remarked, "I gotta see them folks that's gone out on the road. I gotta feelin' I got to see them. They gonna need help no preachin' can give 'em. Hope of heaven when their lives ain't lived? Holy Sperit when their own sperit is downcast an' sad?" Casy wished to reach out to others in spite of his own troubles. He wanted to give them sprit, hope and rejuvenate their souls. Jesus too felt that need and can be considered "the great consoler of life." The Life of Jesus by Ernest Renan ... ...ist-like, harmonious, unprovincial, somewhat realistic charcter who has seen the challenges of organization, authority, his own faith, reception from others, and his own ever- changing personality. This man can be looked at as a martyr, ethical, sacred individual, and yet ironically "Okie", hobo, or virtue-less bum. However The Grapes of Wrath and Jim Casy are undisputed symbols of hope, dreams, spirit and the oneness of all humanity. To me personally, Jim Casy is a role-model to any one who aspires to think original thoughts. I find his defiance of organized religion thought-provoking and inspiring. His ideas of nature are prophetic and his selfless love of people beautiful. Jim Casy's essence of understanding, dreams, love, hope and belief in an almighty holiness can be summed up in one quote, "An' Almighty God never raised no wages. These here folks want to live decent and bring up their kids decent. An' when they're old they wanta set in the door an' watch the downing sun. An' when they're young they wanta dance an' sing an' lay together. They wanta eat an' get drunk and work. An' that's it- they wanta jus' fling their goddamn muscles aroun' an' get tired."

Keeping Google Googley

Key factors that were crucial to Google’s early success can be attributed to the following: 1. Partnered with right companies such as AOL & Yahoo spring boarded the company in success with more than 100m search enquiries per day paving the way for subsequent successes. 2. Had the right products such as Adwords, which had 4x more click-Â ­? through rates than competing products. The company followed up with Google toolbar that further penetrated the market and expanded into the right area of search for mobile devices. 3. Quickly expanded relevant services such as Google news, finance, book search, gmail, calendar documents etc. It also includes strategic acquisition of YouTube & Picasa that provided users with majority of Internet services and it increased stickiness to users achieving the results of 62. 4% for searches by December 2007. 4. Mesh organizational structure ensured shares responsibility and teamwork by enabling all parties involved to work together in the case of AdSense. The non-Â ­? departmental segregation increased teamwork and primed the organization for success. 5. Fast expansion outside of US enabled he company to operate in a global scale that in turn boosted its revenue with more than half generated outside US. About 40% of total headcount was outside US indicating aggressive expansion plans. 6. Googleplex promoted community building and was a platform for people from various business units to meet and mingle. This encouraged cross-Â ­? pollination of ideas and more importantly fulfilled the purpose of providing social interaction and intimacy that would make working with someone you already knew easier. 7. Operate as market-Â ­? based company that listened o the needs of users. This is manifested in the number 1 of Google’s ‘Ten things’-Â ­? ‘Focus on users and all else will follow’. Beta test versions allowed feedback from public that enhanced features before general release. 8. Decision based on consensus ensured that all opinions are equally respected and taken into consideration before a decision is made. A consensus meant everyone understood and agreed with the best decision, which reduces resistance later in the project. 9. New hires provided with training and induction into the company that bolstered their apabilities and reduced their learning curves, enabling them to hit the ground running at the shorted possible time. As evidenced by the above, the 5 Words to describe Google’s culture are: (1) Fast-Â ­? moving environment (2) Community environ ment (3) Innovative spirit (4) Training as a way of continuous improvement and (5) Consensus-Â ­? based decision making process. To effectively retain the Google culture, I would suggest the following: 1. Continue to employ people with the culture and values close to the company’s values. Alternatively, take in young graduates s interns to spruce idea generation in the company. 2. In tackling geographical expansion, Google can promote externships that encourage employee exchange to other locations. This will aid them in meeting colleagues from other parts of the world; promote cross-Â ­? border learning and import good practices to their local offices. 3. Continuously develop new products and services that perpetuate innovative spirit. Having more products and services gives employees variety of thought that could ensure continuous flow of ideas that can be self-Â ­? reinforcing.

Dangers in the Environment Essay

The Dangers within the Environment are affecting our health to means that we wouldn’t believe. We destroy our planets ozone that affects and causes global warming. The pesticides, mercury and carbon dioxide that we release into the environment cause so many health problems to use and our children. It actually affects our children’s health more than it does to use. How can we do this to our environment knowing that it affects our health more and more. Dangers with in our Environment The dangers within the environment that affect our health are increasing day by day. The first thing that is we are doing to the environment is destroying our ozone layer. We are destroying the ozone layer by greenhouse gases. The way we treat our planet is going to affect our health and maybe even kill us because of the toxins and pollutants that we release into our environment. Certain types of pollutants that we release into the environment can cause us to have several complications with our health. The pesticides, mercury and carbon dioxide that we release into the environment cause so many health problems to use and our children. It is not hard to see what we are doing to our planet on a daily basis. There is so much research that shows how much even low level of air pollution affects our health. Carbon dioxide is what we breathe out of our lungs when exhaling. Carbon dioxide is released while we are driving our motor vehicles, using our lawn mowers, and etc. For the one gallon of gasoline that is used in our machines it causes 19. of carbon dioxide to distribute into our environment. Trees absorb the carbon dioxide from the air but if the tree is cut down, burned, or dies then the carbon dioxide will not be absorbed up. When a tree slowly rots then the carbon dioxide is slowly released back into the environment. The pesticides that are toxic to our health and our environment are chemical pesticides. The chemical pesticides that is more dangerous to be farmers, their family members, and other people who use the chemical pesticides. The pesticides are released into the air that we breathe in. The pesticides are left on the produce that they are sprayed on and then remain on the inside of the produce. The pesticides can be rinsed off, but they also can run off into springs, and large bodies of water. In which the pesticides can contaminate our water supply. In the world today everyone is at risk for simple reason that we are destroying our planet. Our world is at a total disaster at how we treat it and take care of it. Individuals that live in the world are at risk form pollutants and toxins that are in the environment that we breathe on a daily basis. The pesticides, mercury and carbon dioxide that we release into the environment cause so many health problems to use and our children. We need to take better care of our environment and worry about our health. People do not care about their health because if they did then they will not smoke cigarettes that affect their health and our environment. If we would save from driving all over the place in our vehicles when you could ride a bike or walk. It could help save our environment from pollutants being disbursed into the air that we breathe.

How to conduct a case study Essays

How to conduct a case study Essays How to conduct a case study Essay How to conduct a case study Essay How to conduct a case study Loop Patriarchy Purpose of a case study The purpose of a case study is to provide a more thorough analysis of a situation or case (often the story of an individual) which will reveal interesting information to the reader. Often they are used in social development to describe a persons life. Case studies often accompany reports, to give flesh to written reports. Know why you are conducting this interview. To what end will you ask questions? Ethical considerations The person to be interviewed must be respected. She must understand why you ant to speak to her and what use you will put what she says. You must explain who you are, who you work for, why you want to speak to her. Respect her dignity. Case studies must avoid exploitation. Similarly, they must avoid sensationalism. You must also avoid reporting any claim that is far-fetched, or which could cause conflict between her and her family and community. Be aware that poverty is often associated with disenfranchisement. Do not abuse her powerlessness for your own ends. Make sure you use an interpreter if you do not speak her language. If you do, you must ensure the interpreter is trained, and does not put words into the respondents mouth, or censor her or encourage her to say things she otherwise would not have. Will you take photographs? Will you ask permission? What will you do if permission is refused? How will you deal with the power imbalance between you and her? What will you do with the photographs? Will you give her a copy? How will this be arranged? Location busy with child care or other household duties. If it is done elsewhere, ensure her inform so that she may feel composed and not intimidated. Steps to Writing the Case Study 1. Know the subject or project. Be sure you know where she fits in. If she is a beneficiary, be sure you know of what. 2. Know her name. Be courteous and good mannered. Dress as if you respect her. 3. Arrive on time. Ask permission before taking photos 4. Explain how the study will be done. 5. Avoid the gathering of crowds. Well intended curiosity on the part of neighbors may be upsetting or embarrassing, and may cause her not to speak or not to reveal ere true feelings. . Decide if you will use anonymity. Discuss this with her. If you do agree, keep your promise. 7. Take notes. Check them with her when you are finished. Where you are quoting, use quotation marks. Avoid unnecessary descriptions of poverty that might humiliate she was dressed in rags, etc. Writing the report 1. Use a snappy attracting title if you can think of one. Catch the readers attention. Consider your audience carefully. 2. Try to keep your report to one page. This means that each word must count. 3. Your analysis should locate the womans words and circumstances within the wider situation. Her story should therefore be illustrative. Your report can therefore draw on project reports, or the findings of research. If you do use reports or research they should be quoted and referenced. 4. Depending on the context, consider using the problem solution benefit flow, explaining how our work addresses the problem and what benefits accrue from our intervention. Dont exaggerate. Dont underestimate the knowledge of the reader.

Report Card Comments for Science

Report Card Comments for Science Report cards provide parents and guardians with essential information regarding their childs progress in school. Besides a letter grade, parents are given a brief descriptive comment that elaborates the students strengths or what the student needs to improve upon. Finding the exact words to describe a meaningful comment takes effort. Its important to state a students strength then follow it with a concern. Below are a few examples of positive phrases to use as well as examples comments that indicate some concerns are evident. Positive Comments In writing comments for elementary student report cards, use the following positive phrases regarding students progress in science. Is a leader during in-class science activities.Understands and executes the scientific process in class.Has an analytic mind for science concepts.Takes pride in his science projects.Did a wonderful job on her __ science project.Strongest work is in science.Is drawn to our science corner in all his or her free time.Continues to turn in top-notch science assignments.Continues to conduct top-notch science experiments.Particularly enjoys hands-on science experiments.Has a naturally investigative nature in science.Is quite proficient in all science concepts and vocabulary.Is able to identify and describe all science vocabulary.Demonstrates an understanding of target science content and makes relevant connections.Demonstrates an enhanced understanding of science content.Meets all learning standards in science.Shows an understanding of systems that are designed to accomplish a task.Uses the appropriate science vocabulary in her oral responses and written work.Demonstrates a clear understand ing of the concepts and skills learned. Makes a great effort in science and is very inquisitive.Is doing a great job in science and always is the first to hand in assignments. Needs Improvement Comments On those occasions when you need to convey less-than-positive information on a students report card regarding science, use the following phrases to assist you. Needs to study for science tests.Needs to learn science vocabulary.Has difficulty memorizing scientific concepts.Many science homework assignments have not been handed in.Reading comprehension often interferes with __s ability to perform well on science tests.Understanding of scientific terms often interferes with __s ability to perform well on science tests.I would like to see __ improve her note-taking skills.I would like to see __ improve his vocabulary skills.Seems to show no interest in our science program.Needs to review science concepts and vocabulary as she is having a great deal of difficulty.Lack of attention in class may account for the difficulty he has with assignments.Needs to improve in science.Needs to develop more self-confidence in science.Does not appropriately use scientific inquiry skills.Demonstrates a week understanding of science content.Does not yet use science vocabulary appropriately.__needs to explore the connections between researched information and real -world applications. __needs to describe his observations more fully and link them clearly to the purpose of the experiment.__needs to use more information from previous learning and research to support his opinions.___needs to use exact measurements when recording scientific observations.___needs to acquire science and technology vocabulary and use it in both oral and written responses.

Reference Comparison Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reference Comparison Paper - Essay Example Therefore it needs to integrate the ecological factors into the management principles to ensure minimal impact on the environment and related attributes. (Mangers, 1994) Contrary to other types of supply chains ,the green supply chain is designed to ensure that maximum sustainability of all the inputs and outputs are ensured and that the necessary steps are taken by the companies involved to ensure that minimal energy goes to waste at any level of the process green supply chain also puts into consideration the need for absolute recycling and re use .therefore this approach of supply ensures that there is minimal accumulation of waste and maximum sustainability of the resources used. (Forest, 1993) Cooperates therefore have had dynamic response and measures geared towards sustainable running of their entities. Measures have been implemented specifically for the tackling of issues related to rising material prices, environmental degradation and the increasing challenges related to the global supply chains. The relationships between the green supply chains and the conventional supply chains have proved that the green supply chains provide and give better business gains in relation to the conventional supply chains. The sustainability of the green supply chains across the globe is of better economic significance. The in-cooperation of the green supply chain ideologies and principles has recently ensured that the organizations develop sustainable ideologies that sustain them despite the harsh economic and resource deprivation of the current enterprising economy. (Gravey, 1994) Scientific reports and findings have recently indicated that global warming and environmental degradation is happening at a faster rate than the world expected. The changes as a result of this global phenomenon are quite drastic and happening at a faster rate and a greater magnitude than the world initially thought and anticipated. Therefore with the occurrence of all this resource related hap penings the world need to develop activities and mechanisms to ensure that all these issues are tackled professionally and the development activities therein become sustainable and environmental friendly causing minimal depletion of the non renewable resource bases. (Haynes, 1997) The green companies not only become sustainable to comply with the legislations and regulations of the relevant environmental management authorities or are they attempting to satisfy and meet the demands put upon them by the customers but most of this companies have a self drive to go green and support sustainable and environmental friendly supply chains ensuring that the natural resources are used in sustainable and clean development approaches. (Ake, 1995) The supply chains comprise of the purchase sector and the inbound logistics and this has the role of achieving and acquiring of products to the company for purposes of providing the raw materials for production. The related activities therefore can hav e significant effects on the environment and its related protection and conservation. Some of the activities related to this are issues like outsourcing, selection of the use materials and the choosing of the vendors. This might have significant impacts on the health and

Aol Time Warner Merger By Nina Munk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aol Time Warner Merger By Nina Munk - Essay Example During the same year the group's recording and music publishing arm was sold for US$2.6 billion to a consortium led by Edgar Bronfman (former head of Universal), becoming Warner Music. ''Fools Rush In,'' by Nina Munk, a contributing editor at Vanity Fair, is the best so far. Marrying exemplary reporting with lively, lucid writing, she makes a convincing and devastating at the same time case that Levin wrecked the legacy of Henry Luce, the founder of Time Inc., in the service of his ego. Levin wanted to redeem his weak performance at the company's helm with what he liked to call a transforming transaction. He had already transformed Time once, in 1990, when he helped engineer its merger with Warner Communications. That was another lousy deal. What he transformed in the AOL merger was $200 billion of his shareholders' money into nothing. Munk's entry to the growing list of books about the AOL Time Warner merger provides a thorough recap of the catastrophe, with the author coming to her own conclusion on the causes behind the merger's failure. After more than 100 pages of the obligatory background on AOL and its chairman, Steve Case, and Time Warner and chairman Jerry Levin, Munk begins to make her argument that Case and Levin, who ran their companies with few checks and balances, bear the greatest responsibility for orchestrating a deal that had little chance to succeed. She presses her case by hitting hard on the fact that few Time Warner executives knew about the pending deal until hours before it was announced, and that even fewer executives supported the proposal. That due diligence for the $165-billion merger only took three days and that many of the merged company's top managers sold large chunks of stock (including Case who sold shares worth $100 million) shortly after the deal closed is further proof to Munk that the combination was not well thought out and that many managers had doubts about its success from the very beginning. For readers looking for a quick review of events surrounding the AOL Time Warner merger, Munk's book fits the bill, but for those who are already well versed on the subject, Munk (a contributing editor at Vanity Fair) adds little new information. Many readers will find Munk's book comparable in terms of entertainment value (especially humor) as well as quality of thinking and writing. Both were thoroughly researched. The completion of each was aided and enriched by dozens of rigorous interviews of key participants. However, there is one significant difference: senior-level executives at Enron (notably Jeffrey Skilling and Andrew Fastow) have been accused and some charged with serious illegalities whereas none of those involved with the merger of AOL and Time Warner have, at least until now. "This is a the story of how two men, Jerry Levin and Steve Case, caused what may be the biggest train wreck in the history of corporate America." Munk goes on to suggest that "In broad terms, the disastrous merger of Time Warner and AOL epitomizes the culture of corporate America and Wall Street in the late 1900s." Part Three The Big Deal: AOL and Time Warner, 1999-2000. Step-by-step, Munk traces the process which eventually resulted in "the biggest train wreck in the history of corporate America." I was fascinated to learn about the nature and extent of Ted Turner's involvement amidst corporate intrigues which would have made the Medici envious. Part Four

California-Illini Manufacturing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

California-Illini Manufacturing - Case Study Example Their cost reduction strategy though seemed efficient; it was not able to compete well in the short run. The Cl’s standard cost system and the high levels of work-in-progress had impacts on its cost reduction strategy. However, the new Production Control/Inventory Control (PCIC) Manager is seen working on the right track, by implementing new strategies to manage the constraints to restrict the company form producing and building higher inventory levels for products not having sufficient demand. Thus, implementing a Theory of constraint approach would be most suitable for the Company to manage the human and material resources well. Problem Statement Competitive strategy, in the normal sense refers to the way a company can achieve a competitive advantage in its operating market while choosing a distinctive way of competing. California-Illini Manufacturing Company is able to compete in the global market by making the maximum use of their competitive strategy. They are the largest producers of plain and hard-faced replacement tillage tools in the United States. They concentrate more on handmade tillage tools. They use expensive metal pieces and metal forged metals in the production process, together with using manual electric arc welders. In the global market, there is greater opportunity for handmade products, especially for machineries and automobiles. For example, handmade vehicles, such as the Lamborghini cars are highly demanded as well as more expensive, because the extensive efforts and labor to produce the vehicle has attributed it to be better built. However, their line of industry in America as well as in the global market is getting very competitive. Products with cheaper rates are brought into the market, which makes the market more and more competitive. In spite of all these conditions, there is still a considerable market for the handmade, rugged, American machineries and tools. Therefore, the company can stick to their design and competitive s trategy and bring products into the market, from their family built, third-generation Company. They have the advantage of utilizing the quality of tools as their trademark. Causes of the Problem The California-Illini Manufacturing Company’s cost reduction strategy is attributed to the various market conditions and global economic stipulations. During 1980s, when President Reagan was in his first term, an economic downturn struck the global market. The slow down in the market caused many global companies like the California-Illini Manufacturing to struggle. The company was in need of formulating a strategy as its cash flow was poor and the inventory levels were down. They had to find out ways to cut down the cost, increase prices, and develop technology and productivity. However, the cost reduction strategy formulated by the management faced some unexpected failures in the short run. In 1989, the cost cutting strategy was seen failing, firing the operating costs up 20%. The in ventory level was increased by 24% and the net profit continued to slip (California-Illini Manufacturing). The California-Illini Manufacturing Company’s standard Cost system had an impact on the cost reduction strategy. The Company put a cost system into operation to measure performance and profit potentials. Under the cost system, a standard level was ascertained to each element, including material and labor. In the same way, each production manager was evaluated on their

Issues Contributing to Water Scarcity

Issues Contributing to Water Scarcity INTRODUCTION Around 1.2 billion people (almost one-fifth of the worlds population) currently live in areas of physical water scarcity, and 500 million people are approaching this situation (UN-WATER 2014). Although nearly 70 percent of the world is covered by water, only about 2.5 percent is fresh with the rest being saline and ocean-based. However, only 1 percent of our freshwater is easily accessible, with much of it trapped in glaciers and snowfields. Actually, only 0.007 percent of the planets water is available to fuel and feed its 6.8 billion people (National geographic 2014). Clean water is the water that is safe enough to be consumed by humans with low risk of immediate or long term harm (Wikipedia 2014). Water scarcity is the defined as the lack of access to adequate quantities of water for human and environmental uses However, the Water Project (2014) states that water scarcity can be explained in two ways, it is either the dearth of ample water (quantity) or it is the inability to be able to access safe water (quality). In developing countries, finding an infallible headspring of safe water is often tedious and dear. This is known as economic scarcity (a state where although water can be found, it just requires more infrastructure to access it). However, other areas experience physical scarcity, a situation where the water available is not sufficient. (The water project 2014). This essay will aim to describe the issues that may have contributed to water scarcity. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WATER SCARCITY The issue of water scarcity is quite a thriving one, whilst the worlds population tripled in the 20th century, the amount of freshwater on earth has remained fairly constant. This means that yearly, the competition for a safe and copious supply of water intensifies. Web of Creation (2003) states that the main cause of the shortage of fresh water is global warming. Increase in the average temperature of mountainous areas can result in an altered precipitation mix amidst rainfall and snowfall, with more rain and less snow. This would lead to more flooding and overflow during the rainy seasons, this also results in a reduced amount of water that is usually held in glaciers for use during dry seasons. These mountain glaciers are all liquefying. The snow mass in the Himalayas, (the third largest in the world) is now beginning to wince at an increasing rate rate. Every major river in Asia originates in that snow mass. Global issues (2010) points out that another reason for water crisis is the commoditization of water. Promoting water as a commodity has led to an increased control of water by multinational corporations (MNC). The World Bank has encouraged countries around the world to privatize water access in the hope for increased efficiency as well as follow other policies such as removal of subsidies for such provisions. As a result, although there may be many people in terms of market access, the poor have found themselves being shut out as prices have risen beyond affordability. Tread softly (2013) explains that the over extraction of freshwater and other human intrusion with the water cycle is the immediate cause of water scarcity. Over-extraction of ground water has an upfront manifestation in the level of aquifers. If withdrawals (extraction) transcend the natural rate of recharge, the level of an aquifer will fall and ultimately drying up. In parts of India, the level of aquifers is said to have fallen more than 300 metres, this is associated to the dearth of control intensified by a policy of allowing farmers infinite access to water. Given how highly fragmented land ownership is in India, with majority of the populace being farmers, their waterloo is inevitable. India’s rate of extraction of ground water has been growing steadily from a base of 90 Billion cubic metres (bcm) in 1980 to about 251 Billion cubic metres (bcm) in 2010, whilst the rate in the United States has remained rather constant since 1980 (Luthra and Kundu 2013). In Africa south of the Sahara, where agriculture is predominantly rain-fed (that is, it relies on rainfall for water), farmers’ access to water is limited based on time (during droughts and dry seasons) and space (in arid areas). Water scarcity in these regions is not necessarily caused by a physical lack of water. Literally much of the region is primarily considered to suffer from economic water scarcity, which means that investments in water resources and appropriate human capacities are not substantial enough to meet water demands of the population (IFPRI 2013). Another cause of water scarcity could be the increasing rate of pollution of the water available. Majority of the biocides, fertilizers, sewage overflows, oil and grease eventually get into the water systems. The increasing loss of marshlands can be attributed to the fact that these runoff nutrients are not always sanitised by nature before they ultimately enter the body of water. More than 60 percent of US coastal rivers and bays are severely being reduced by nutrient runoff (web of creation 2003). CONCLUSION Increase in population has led to an increased demand for quality water. Water scarcity is a global issue which requires immediate attention. To ensure sustainability, steps should be taken to ensure that water is used in such a manner as it does not reduce the potential for the future generation to have access to quality water. Sustainable practices such as water recycle, minimization, etc. should be implemented to reduce the need for freshwater extraction. REFERENCES Global Issues (2010) Water and Development. [Online] Available at http://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-development [Accessed 18-03-2014] Global Water Forum (2012) Understanding water scarcity: Definitions and measurements. [Online] Available at http://www.globalwaterforum.org/2012/05/07/understanding-water-scarcity-definitions-and-measurements/ [Accessed 10-03-2014] IFPRI (2013) What’s really causing water scarcity in Africa south of the Sahara? [Online] Available at http://www.ifpri.org/blog/what-s-really-causing-water-scarcity-africa-south-sahara [Accessed 18-03-2014] National Geographic (2014) Fresh Water Crisis. [Online] Available at http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/#close-modal [Accessed 10-03-2014] Luthra, S. and Kundu, A. (2013) India’s Water Crisis: Causes and Cures. [Online] Available at http://www.nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=356#.UyGN9hpdXTo [Accessed 18-03-2014] The water project (2014) Water Scarcity and the Importance of Water. [Online] Available at http://thewaterproject.org/water_scarcity.php [Accessed 10-03-2014] Tread Softly (2013) Causes of Water Scarcity. [Online] Available at http://treadsoftly.net/water-scarcity/causes-of-water-scarcity/ [Accessed 18-03-2014] UN-WATER (2014) International Decade for Action ‘water for life’ 2005-2015. [Online] Available at http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml [Accessed 18-03-2014] Web of creation (2003) Problem: Fresh Water and Oceans in Danger. [Online] Available at http://www.webofcreation.org/Earth%20Problems/water.htm [Accessed 18-03-2014] Wikipedia (2014) Drinking water. [Online] Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water [Accessed 09-03-2014]

Women and Interfaith Dialogue :: Essays Papers

Women and Interfaith Dialogue The word dialogue implies a personal encounter, a meeting face to face, where the aim is not to change the other partner in the dialogue, but to risk being changed through the process. For women, the main point of dialogue is to build relationships or to conserve them. "Dialogue among women are more life-oriented; they come out of actual experiences, and they are more clearly oriented to bringing about concrete changes in perception and practice at the very basic level of the lives of people." Women's dialogical practice is an alternative to the traditional men's approach. Most men approach their religious tradition primarily with an intellectual, theological, and doctrinaire commitment. Women's religious positions, however, are not as strict as men's. They initiate discussion, reflection, dialogue, and different opinions. It accentuates the diversity of life styles, types of thinking, tolerance and freedom in expressing individuals' ambitions, and it distinguishes the unique charact er of personalities. There are discernible differences between men and women in their approach to and practice of dialogue; however, these generalizations are not made to stereotype all men as exclusively intellectual and dogmatic and all women as experiential and instinctive. This is not an attempt to idealize women and the dialogue among them; it is only to emphasize the distinctive features that characterize dialogue among women, and introduce some of the conflicts and obstacles that arise. The first unique characteristic of dialogue is the ability of a group of women from all different religious traditions to bond. Women develop interfaith understanding through their relationships with other women. Women tend to know the person first and her faith second. It is through such intentional relationship building that women relate to each other best. In experiencing the other, women also come to know themselves better. They are able to confirm their own faith, convert to another tradition, or become educated about another religious community that exists. As a result, interfaith dialogue enables women to understand each other, other faiths, and their own traditions. In a meeting of men, such a diverse group might have become rather controversial. The second factor is women's flexible approach in representing their traditions. In religious dialogue women tend to make contributions based on the content of their religion in scripture and tradition without being defensive or obstinate. In general, women seem to have a more tolerant understanding of religion, while most men approach their religious tradition as a responsibility that has become part of their understanding of life and reality.

Business Writing: Memoranda Essay

Currently, our policy provides for three kinds of leaves – Vacation Leave, Sick Leave and Bereavement Leave. There is no provision for Emergency Leaves and are deducted on a â€Å"no work, no pay† basis. For those who do not want outright deduction, consideration is given such that, upon request, these are deducted later and applied under our Sick Leave policy rule. In consideration of a request formalized through our Suggestion Box regarding absences which have to be taken due to an emergency, we are pleased to advise you that the following adjustment in the Personnel Policies of Smith, Smith and Smith regarding Vacation Leaves will be made effective from 01 October 2006: ARTICLE 7 VACATION LEAVE The Company shall grant an Annual Vacation Leave with pay of 30 days per calendar year for all regular employees who have rendered one (1) full year of continuous service. A maximum of five (5) days out of these 30 days can be applied as Emergency Leave. An Emergency Leave is defined as leave taken due to unforeseen circumstances such as sickness in the family limited to spouse, children, parents, grandparents, siblings or parents-in-law and events due to force majeure. However, if the said employee entitled thereto fails to use the same vacation leave within a year, she/he shall forfeit the same Vacation Leave. Moreover, any leaves taken beyond what is provided shall be on a no work, no pay basis. If the employee is prevented by the company from taking leave, this rule shall not be applicable. Furthermore, management reserves the right to put any employee on forced vacation leave to give effect thereto. We trust that the above addresses one of our common concerns. Thank you for your support and cooperation.

From the Perspective of the Priest Child Abuser Essay

The article â€Å"A Priest Child Abuser Speaks† from the book Slayer of the Soul was contributed by a priest who wishes to remain anonymous. He is a self-confessed child abuser during his priesthood, and by writing this, he wishes to share his experiences and his gradual climb back into society. He also believes that writing this article would provide a lesson for both the victimizers and their victims, and hopes that the victimizers would avoid committing such hideous wrongs towards their victims. In the article, the priest shares his journey of self-realization as he slowly vaporized the demon that was poisoning his soul and coercing him to do such crimes against children. The priest recalls that he was convicted for abusing children — sexually, psychologically, and emotionally — in the 1980s, and sentenced to 14 months in a minimum security facility. He believes that he was lucky, knowing that a similar child-abusing priest was sentenced for 20 years of hard labor. The priest mentions that life was tough for him both inside and outside of prison. He felt that a lot of people resented him for what he did to children, and believed that what happened was just a lie, no matter how true it was. Some officers, notably a lieutenant who hated him, bullied and toyed with him. Other prisoners were disgusted at his presence, refused to befriend him, or intimidated him often. For his size, he thought that he would not stand a chance, and he saw that avoiding conflict was the best solution. However, not all of these people resented him or was afraid of him. He recalls making some friends while in prison, ranging from guards to cell mates. They supported him and were sympathetic of him, especially at the time when the lieutenant’s abusive nature went a bit overboard. While in prison, he fought for the system to give him therapy for the â€Å"sickness† he believes that he was carrying. He won that appeal, and the court sent him to therapy twice a week. The Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous (SLAA) provided the opportunity for him to realize the root from which this sickness stemmed. While trying to heal himself, he also experienced rejection from close friends and acquaintances. Life was certainly difficult for him who was branded as a â€Å"child abuser,† which is why he wanted to reform himself in order to reenter society. During his SLAA therapies, he recalled his childhood which was filled with fear, anxiety, misfortune, and harassment. It was at that time when he idolized his parish scoutmaster and weirdly fell in love with him, prompting him into having a sexual relationship with him. It was a very traumatic experience that he knew he had to pull out from. He deducted that this might be the root of his â€Å"sickness† all along, as it was reinforced by an authority figure that it was â€Å"okay† to do it. He was also searching for a father figure, since his real father abandoned him and his family, and his mother declared him as the head of the household. When he entered the parish, he wished to help the children who had no father figure and had an emotionally miserable life. Things boiled over, and pretty soon, he was sexually involved with these young boys. One boy told his parents, and this made him realize his mistake. He mustered the strength to tell their parents that they need immediate therapy, but was arrested in the process when one therapist told the police about him. When he finally got out of prison, he wanted to mend the ties with his family and clear things up with them. However, they failed to â€Å"hear him out,† which was the reason that drove him into an unstable state in the first place. He confronted his scoutmaster and felt betrayed by his insights on the issue involving child abuse, telling him that it was wrong while he was regretting the fact that he believed in his scoutmaster. The damage has been done to him, and he believes that he needs to accept the consequences of his actions and just move on. He mentions that it left a black hole in his life, upon which he was initially placing things to fill that void. However, he realized that it was not the right course of action as he was building his life around that hole, completely avoiding it. Thus, he wished to enter the ministry again in order to help others that are trapped in the same dark cell in which he broke out from, although not completely. The priest mentions that gradually, he was able to recover his life and reform himself into the person that everyone knew before the incident. He was also able to reenter society as himself once again. Hence, he wishes to share his experiences to the world through this article in order to let people know that victims could become victimizers themselves one day, if they are not treated immediately. References A priest child abuser speaks. (1990). In S. J. Rossetti (Ed. ), Slayer of the Soul: Child Abuse and the Catholic Church (pp. 99-111). Mystic, CT: Twenty-Third Publications.