Benefits of Risk Management Essay

1. More effective strategic planning  Effective strategic planning means the objectives set by the companies suit the company’s operations capabilities and the planning helps the company preserve its values and seek improvement. Risk management means coordinates activities to direct and control the organization with regard risks. The coordination between activities helps the company to communicate and understand the business activities as a whole, this will let the company understand the operation capabilities better and enable the company implement realistic strategic plan into organization 2. Better cost control – risk management set a objective acceptance of risk level. Company has a guide to manage risk and control negative consequence. – The cost benefit thinking is addressed by the risk management. In the past , companies think they have unlimited resources. Companies tend to transfer risks by buying insurance. Nowadays, risk management does not think transferring all the risks by insurance is enough as the competitiveness is increasing . Risk management provide more solutions, such as , avoiding risks, loss control, transfer part of risks not only by insurance but also by hedge funds and retain some risks( active retain is advocated). Company can save a lot of money by compare cost and benefit of different ways. – The risks management requires forward thinking. This will help the company to prevent downside risks and its bad consequences; also this will help company to catch opportunities to avoid opportunity cost . – greater trust, openness and transparency can be obtained by the company by applying risk management .Risk management requires company communicate with stakeholders(suppliers ,customers ,government, employees and shareholders) and different levels in the company. This will increase the supply chain efficiency and effectiveness. Also lower financing cost and regulation cost ( carbon tax) would be obtained. 3. Increased knowledge and understanding of your exposure to risks -The risks management requires the companies continual plan and manage its risks. Continual evaluation and monitoring control and environment is required. This process helps the company to learn more about itself as more experiences of dealing with same risks ,also it help the company forward looks its downside risks and capture opportunities. – Communication between different levels are required( risk management culture). 4. More systematic and thorough method of decision making -The risks management manage risks in a decentralized way by a centralized policy. – risk management set process of individual company to manage risks. The process enable company think in a complete way to manage risk. 5. Prevention rather than reaction to risks * The risk management requires the company to manage risks proactively rather than simply only reacting to the risks they face. This principle would help the company predict the risks and implement preventative control to prevent risks. * Risks management impose great emphasis on risks management culture. Each individual in company should pay attention to the risks. The effective communication between employees and management should be obtained. 6. Better preparedness for external review -Risks management aligns accountability to top managers . The managers have more pressure to work hard and act carefully. – The risk management processes greatly require communication with stakeholders and different levels within company. this will greatly improve the company’s understanding of different parties needs, concerns and issues . in this way , company can better meet expectation of external parties

Lack of Respect for Nurses Essay

Lack of Respect for Nurses According to a journal of Palliative Medicine â€Å"The basis of a professional relationship associates trust, respect, commitment , truthfulness, and compliance to the expertise of a fellow worker† (Paul Rousseau of Palliative Medicine, 2004, p.753). All of us need to respect each other because to earn respect you must show respect. According to a nurse practitioner Olivia (Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 2007) â€Å"A lack of respect can create a barrier to effective collaboration, showing respect would be giving remarks about one’s educational background, showing respect toward other health professionals, or not expressing feelings of being superior to the nurse practitioner. This has the potential to affect NP’s motivation toward quality of care and possibly job satisfaction† (p.548) The data collected by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2012) confirmed that nursing represents the nation’s largest healthcare profession with more than 3.1 million nurses and 2.6 million licensed RNs. Nursing can be a satisfying profession; however, nurses continue to experience lack of respect from their patients, doctors, administrators, and even from their coworkers. Due to the increase number of nurses, many hospitals can’t hire more nurses resulting to unemployment. Because of that it decreases the rate of taking Nursing course in college. Some people says Why do you take up Nursing?, you can’t get job when you graduate or you will end up working on a Call center. They don’t know that nursing students study hard, practice a lot to improve skills and other things that other people can’t do. Respect is the word that is missing here, respect for the people who chose nursing and the profession that nursing students are proud of. Reference List: 1.http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jpm.2004.7.753?journalCode=jpm 2. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/564327_6 3.http://www.healthecareers.com/article/3-big-problems-facing-nursing-today/170629 4. 1. Rousseau PC, Kukulka D: Nurses and caring. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20:11-12.

Comparison of “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” and “The Lottery” Essay

In â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas† and â€Å"The Lottery†, Ursula Le Guin and Shirley Jackson depict a seemingly perfect society built on dark secrets. In the story, â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas†, Omelas is a utopian city of happiness and delight, whose inhabitants are smart and cultured. Everything about Omelas is pleasing, except for the secret of the city: the good fortune of Omelas requires that a single unfortunate child be kept in perpetual filth, darkness and misery, and that all its citizens should be told of this when they come of age. After being exposed to the truth, most of the people of Omelas are initially shocked and disgusted, but are ultimately able to come to terms with the fact and resolve to live their lives in such a manner as to make the suffering of the unfortunate child worth it; however, some choose to leave. In the story, â€Å"The Lottery†, a small village of about 300 has an annual lottery; women, men, and children participate, to see who will be the chosen to ensure enough rain to the corn crops. The way the winner does this is to be stoned to death. The way that the authors use irony to portray the story societies as wonderful and perfect and then toward the end show their dark secrets creates the intriguing and captivating works that they are. In the story, â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas†, Omelas seems at first to be a beautiful and happy place. It takes place during a festival and there are children running around laughing and music. It talks about a race that is going to take place and how the horses are excited, â€Å"(the horses) flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one another,† with streamers of silver, gold, and green braided into their hair. The story has and air of excitement and celebration that is soon questioned when the author begins to talk about the child. Omelas is shown to have a dark secret when it tells of the child who has to live in deplorable conditions in order for the rest of Omelas to prosper and have joy. The child is kept in a room about the size of a cupboard and is without clothes. It lives on only a â€Å"half-bowl of corn meal and grease a day† and is covered in festered sores from where it’s repeatedly sat in its own excrement. The author also goes on to tell of how once the children are old enough to understand, between 8 and 12, they are told of what is happening and why. In the story it says, â€Å"Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness, the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, the wisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.† This quote means that the child must live in retched conditions for the rest of the people to live happy lives; that if the child wasn’t living in misery that they wouldn’t be able to understand and appreciate the happiness in their lives. â€Å"The Lottery† also depicts a wonderful and pleasing New England village. The day is depicted to be bright, with fragrant flowers and green lawns. The children are fidgety and boisterous do to the ending of school for the summer. The story talks about the children and what they’re doing while they wait for the adults to gather, â€Å"Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones,† the act of gathering stones seems like a harmless and normal activity at the beginning. The townspeople are gathering in a square between the post office and the bank for the annual lottery. It gives off an air of what can be interpreted as nervous excitement that soon is shown to be anything but. The story takes a turn for the dark side when it talks about the relief from the crowd when they or a child wasn’t chosen. It also is horrible in the fact that it says that â€Å"the whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner?† They make sure that the stoning of a person to death isn’t inconvenient and delay mealtime; they’re more interested in making it home for dinner than being horrified at the fact that they just killed a person. Also the children take part in the stoning and are even encouraged to participate, â€Å"(t)he children had stones already, and someone gave little Davy Hutchinson few pebbles†. In â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas† and â€Å"The Lottery†, Ursula K. Le Guin and Shirley Jackson depict a seemingly perfect society but with a dark part. In â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas† a child must live in retched conditions so that the rest on the village could prosper and in â€Å"The Lottery† each year a person must be stoned to death to ensure bountiful rain. The way that the authors portray first a utopian society and then delve into the dark secrets of the societies create the great stories. Work cited Le Guin, Ursula K. â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.† Backpack Literature. Kennedy, X. J. and Dana Gioia. University of Southern California, 2012. 252-257. Jackson, Shirley. â€Å"The Lottery.† Backpack Literature. Kennedy, X. J. and Dana Gioia. University of Southern California, 2012. 258-265

Management Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Project - Research Paper Example There are mainly two reasons for selecting this research paper. The impact of motivation on employees and organizational performance are analyzed in this research paper. Various comprehensive approaches are highlighted here. Another reason for selecting this research paper is to examine the relation between firm’s performance and motivation of the employees. Intensive research has been done here for evaluating the topic of the paper. This information gathered from this research paper shows the contribution of motivational on the productivity of the company (U.S, 2013). This research paper is divided into five parts. In the 1st part the topic of the research paper is introduced and along with that the reasons for conducting the report is mentioned. In the second part views of various authors are highlighted. Methodology of the paper has been reviewed here. The importance of the research method has been addressed in the paper (Daniels, 2006). The purposes of this report have been clearly highlighted in this research paper. Various causes for employee motivation have been focused properly in this research paper. The researchers have used some theories by which they supported the purpose of the researcher paper (Blyton and Turnbull, 2004). Employee motivation has a strong relationship with organizational performance. As per the purposes of research paper the detailed analysis of the topic has been done. The organization considers its employees as its important part. Therefore with the help of this study the researchers efficiently focus on the relationship of organizational members within the company (Harzing and Pinnington, 2011). The research questions which were used by the researchers are very clearly explained in this paper. The questions highlight the impact of employee motivation on organizational performance. The main purpose of the research question is clearly stated in the paper. For making the research question proper and clear the

Operations Management course. Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operations Management course. Memo - Case Study Example Although CX Technologies has been able to maintain its position in the market, growth has plateaued and with the incoming recession, business is set to go down further. Bhole e.al states that the company’s expansion into the Asian market recently and considering the positive outcomes of this expansion, the probability of succeeding into the automotive industry is high (7-8). According to observers, the automotive industry faces a bleak future, considering that many people are more apprehensive about rising gas prices, a factor that has led to lower vehicle purchases. The situation has been aggravated by the fact that the largest three manufactures have approached the government in search of caution against the recession. According to Bhole et.al, possibilities for success are raised by the sheer size of the industry in the United States is a major motivating factor in this expansion (7). This allows for CX Technology to penetrate the market and offer competitively lower prices, since the company’s personnel are enough to provide the needed labor. With branches in Asia already, the company is in a good position to tap into the Chinese market and take advantage of the growing economy and demand for automobiles. This is a risky project because it puts the entire future of the company at stake. If the decision is made to follow up with the plan, then the company risks running bankrupt, especially considering the current recession. If the proposal into expand to the automotive industry is passed, then feasibility studies need to be undertaken as soon as possible. The company’s entire workforce is to be notified about the new enterprise, so as to be prepared to provide the necessary labor. In conclusion, every business needs to take a risk once in a while and test new opportunities; otherwise it risks stagnation and monotony. Venturing into the automotive industry seems like a worthwhile risk for CX Technology, in an effort to grow the company’s

ISMG 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

ISMG 3000 - Essay Example The strategic objective of this project is therefore to create dynamic business application portfolio, create a solid foundation for organizational portfolio governance that work in supporting each business process, and stimulate a strong understanding amongst the application effects and subsequent desired organizational goals. The proposed system will be essential in providing organizational decision makers with a basis for decision on issues relating to current portfolio and IT related needs in specific areas of business system functionality, related cost, system quality and overall benefit to the business. Proposed IT Strategic Objective: The new Information Services will enable MDCM’s business objective of creating a dynamic business of absolute commitment to delivering quality parts and assemblies on time by establishing strong IT foundation that continuously transform employees’ performance and creating a platform that guarantees customer efficiency and business operations that continuously builds on the realms of Horizon 2000. Within the organizational analysis, important application issues are of primary significance to this portfolio process and identified into; financial system with diverse legacy systems in financial reporting and handling, human resource administration system, sales and marketing, material planning, logistic, duty and irregular custom inspection, e-mail and communication, networking and interconnectivity and organizational database. An application portfolio process designed to determine continuously solutions to the identified issues. Within this respect, possible application portfolio projects include; designing and implementing ERP, creation of a company intranet, consolidating data centers and networks, standardization of the server hardware, improving group support systems, creation of a

Employment and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employment and Society - Essay Example According to the Meaning of Work Survey, there are five principal aspects of life – work, family, community, religion and leisure. Respondents asked to rank the five according to their importance to them indicated in the majority that family came first then work second. However, a good number – accounting for slightly over one-fourth of all respondents – chose work above all, even family. The perspective implicitly assumed by the Survey is that the five aspects the respondents were asked to rank were different and mutually exclusive from each other, and that their apparent meanings are the basis upon which they were ranked.Studies have shown, however, that there are multiple dimensions from which to approach the meaning of work, that explains why individuals would consider it more important than some (or all) of the other aspects of life. The meaning and context of â€Å"Work† Overell (2009) what is obvious to all – that occupational work is importa nt because joblessness is not an economically feasible option. Where remunerated work is viewed as scarce, therefore, the value of having a job rises dramatically. Other than this, however, work provides people with their self-identity, a structure to their time and activities, and a means of self-expression as much as a means to an economic end. Work is not a monolithic whole, however, but has many shades and implications. A study was conducted on three non-economic aspects of the work environment: job demands, job discretion, and job social relationships. According to Karasek (1976), a lack of discretion over the contents of a job tends to make the worker either passive in leisure and community associations or experience mental strain. On the other hand, work that is psychologically demanding does not always lead to deleterious effects, as long as the level of job discretion is not low. When job discretion is high, work that is psychologically demanding tends to make the worker mo re socially active in leisure and in community participation. In a more recent study, Knowles and Taylor (1990) identified two dimensions, each with two â€Å"poles†, that cut across work, family and leisure activities in general. For the first dimension, its positive pole involved activities viewed as challenging, creative and under the individual’s control, and were viewed as enjoyable – communicating with people, creating new business, and finding solutions – whether done at work or at home. Its negative pole involves the routine and mundane activities over which the individual exercises little control, such as completing paperwork, doing the shopping or general administration or housework, which are seen as necessary but stressful. In the second dimension, one pole involved socialization and moral obligation and included settling disputes, attending meetings, and doing things as a family. The other pole involved activities done alone, without any soci al or moral obligation, such as most leisure activities. It was found that whether the respondents chose work or home as preferable over the other, it usually involved pursuit of a lifestyle that was perceived as non-stressful, challenging, and enjoyable, and wherein they are free to exercise their freedom of choice and personal control. Frames of reference: Challenges to the traditional concept of work vs life There is a social context to work that is beside the concept of individual undertaking. In seeking to understand challenges to the traditional sexual/gender paradigm of â€Å"work-life balance† (WLB), it must be noted that a greater emphasis must be devoted to understanding the allocation of the burden of responsibilities discharged by adult members of a household, both as to size and composition. Another important consideration is the quality of recreational activity. WLB decisions take into account the normative expectations linked to gender roles, the regularities a nd patterns with which people meet these expectations, and the lifestyles and consumption habits that result

Resolving Organizational Conflicts in Communication and Team Work Essay

Resolving Organizational Conflicts in Communication and Team Work - Essay Example This report constitutes the process and resolution of consultancy for an organization enmeshed in issues in communication, teamwork, and achievement of organizational goals. Within the organization brew conflicts of interests that spew forth outcomes that drag the organization back instead of taking strides forward as a team. Such conflicts may be constraining factors in the smooth transition in the expansion of the organization. This implies that greater workload and responsibilities are expected. With an objective disposition, the consultant interviewed some members of the senior management team who expressed their concerns for the organization. Armed with this initial information, the consultant dug deeper by studying the issues and researching on possible interventions to resolve them. This paper will provide a background of the organization, the presenting problems, elaboration, and explanation of the concepts from a review of the literature and the resulting recommendations for intervention and conclusion. Adino Drug Detox Trust is a drug rehabilitation center that welcomes drug users who want to turn their lives around from being enslaved from drugs to being drug-free. The rehabilitation clinic helps them in their recovery and reintegration to society. The organization has enjoyed an untarnished national and international reputation for the past 30 years. It is registered as both a nursing home as well as a charity. It provides round-the-clock medical and social care.... He may stay in the clinic for a maximum of 3 weeks of detoxification prior to going through the second phase of detoxification. Within a year, he cannot be readmitted, as he is expected to remain drug free for a long time after his detoxification and when released from the clinic, that is his own responsibility. Besides, there are other clients who need the services of the clinic. The personnel involved in Aldino is composed of teams. The Operational Teams are comprised of the Nursing team, the Social Care Team and the Auxillary support team. The Senior Management Team (SMT) is comprised of the CEO, an Operations Director, Financial Director and an HR director. The SMT holds monthly board meetings. They are answerable to a board of trustees who meet quarterly. Referral Problem Meeting with the chairman of the board, the consultant inquired about the presenting problem of the organisation. The chairman expressed concern and dissatisfaction with the way the management could not agree o n so many things. He observed that there was constant squabbling and disagreements and too much interpersonal friction especially between the CEO and the financial director. The senior management team was always divided and the members manifested more individualistic career ambition than collective goal-setting for the organisation. The chairman noted that there was not enough corporate collegial cooperation. Such issues in communication and teamwork has resulted in low morale for the organisation. With the impending move to expand from a 15 bed unit to a 21 bed unit, and ready to accept additional clients in two month’s time, it is expected that the increased work load may present more challenges to the organisation in terms of workload and decision-making. The board of

ASTHMA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ASTHMA - Essay Example In accordance to Mill (2006), Asthma is a chronic obstructive airway disease that often becomes characterized by hyper responsiveness of the trachea-bronchial tree to various stimuli resulting in spasmodic narrowing of air passages (p.1). Another definition of asthma could be that it is an episodic disease clinically manifested by dyspnoea, wheezing and cough. Asthma hence is a respiratory lung disease that is chronic in nature. Asthma always involves two components: in the lungs, constriction causes tightening of air passages, resulting in inflammation, irritation and swelling of airways. Inflammation and constriction of the airways often cause many symptoms. When asthma is left untreated for long, it often results in chronic loss of lung function; in addition it also contributes to a condition called Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Once a person gets exposed to a trigger, lungs get inflamed or swollen to an extent that it causes difficulty in breathing (Mills 2006, p.10). 1.2 His torical background of asthma. The term Asthma has originated from the Greek word, which means to pant, or sharp breath or exhale using open mouth. In an epic Greek poem, Iliad, asthma was first mentioned. It became recognized in antiquity with the famous Hippocrates. Hippocrates correlated asthma to metal workers, farmers, tailors, and fishermen among others. With the recognition of asthma caused by external factors like dust and pollen, more studies were carried out to find out the causes and origin of this pathology and its effect on the respiratory system. The first well-documented occupational asthma case was implemented on workers of castor beans in 1923 (Mills 2006, p.3). 1.3 Prevalence of asthma. Asthma affects nearly seventeen million Americans, of which five million are children. Incidence of asthma has increased in the last 15 years by over 50 percent. Nearly five hundred thousand patients become often hospitalised due to asthma. Hence asthma is amongst the top five expens ive diseases in the health care system (Mills 2006, p.6). 2. Types of asthma. Asthma can be categorized based on the basis of what triggers it. 2.1 Classification by triggers. 2.1.1 Allergic asthma Allergic asthma becomes often progressively atopic or allergic asthma which is the most common asthma type. It often begins in childhood or early adult life. Patients with allergic asthma have family or personal history of preceding allergic diseases like urticaria, rhinitis or infantile spasm. Patients with allergic asthma often exhibit hyper-responsive reactions to extrinsic allergens. Examples of allergens that affect such people are pollens, house dust, moulds, animal danders and others. Patients with this type often have high levels of IgE levels and test positive for skin test (Mills 2006, p.8). 2.1.2 Seasonal asthma Grass pollen, tree pollen, moulds pollen or flowers release pollen that in turn trigger the asthmatic attack. For instance, some people always find their asthma worse i n the spring especially when flowers are flowering compared to other seasons. Others may find their asthma

Are Maya archaeologists justified in their condemnation of Gibsons Essay

Are Maya archaeologists justified in their condemnation of Gibsons movie Apocalypto - Essay Example However with the release of the film, there was created a huge controversy; with the native Americans, social activists, and various archaeologists working on Mayan civilization, protesting the representation of the Mayan people in this movie â€Å"as violent and depraved† (ibid). In his defense Mel Gibson had commented that this movie is not really historical, and uses the Mayan civilization as â€Å"merely the backdrop [that was required for representing] civilizations and what undermines them† (Johnson, 2005). In my article I will explore the controversy that started at the time of the release of the movie, and review the various commentaries and statements made by the archaeologists at this time about the inaccuracies that were evident in the movie. My article will also do a brief review of the movie, and study the Mayan civilization, to understand the misrepresentations that were supposedly made in this film. After exploring and analyzing the various facts and info rmation surrounding this controversy, I will finally come to a conclusion as to whether the Maya archaeologists are really justified in their condemnation of the movie Apocalypto. A brief review of the movie: The movie starts with the above given quote by Durant, allegorically referring to the fall of the Mayan empire at the hands of the Spaniards. Directed by Mel Gibson, this movie stars Rudy Youngblood as the male protagonist (whose screen name is Jaguar Paw), and it purportedly depicts the last phase of the Mayan civilization. The movie is set in the 16th century pre Columbian era; before the Spanish invasion had conquered and destroyed evidences of this ancient Native American civilization. At the start of the movie we find Jaguar Paw hunting in the forests along with his father Flint Sky (village head) and other members of his tribe. Here they meet a group of fleeing refugees, whose lands had been ravaged by their enemies, and their state of distress and fear leave a strong

Seagull play by anton chekhov Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seagull play by anton chekhov - Research Paper Example He helped his father who ran a small business of provisions that was quite unsuccessful. However, it was during these hard days at his father’s shop that he observed and listened to some interesting stories from those who visited. During the summers he went to stay with his grandfather who had become the manager of an estate near Taganrog. He loved spending his time with the peasants who worked on the estate and enjoyed fishing and roaming about in the countryside. When Chekhov was around fourteen years old, his father moved the family to Moscow and he was relieved from working in his father’s shop. It was then that he began to make good progress in his studies and finally became a student of medicine. In his attempt to help his family, he led the dual life of student and author and it is with these experiences he emerged as a blazing genius of both wit and compassion. The characters in Chekhov’s story are most endearing as some of them long for love but do not g et it and some of them experience love but do not fulfill it. The main characters in the play are Treplev, a playwright who is anxiously getting things ready to stage his first play that is both abstract and symbolic in meaning. He loves and adores Nina, an actress who does not reciprocate his love till the end of the story. Nina on the other hand, is shown to pursue Trigorin, a creator, because she becomes in awe of him, but is left bereft of his love in the end. She goes to the extent of having an affair with him, becoming pregnant and even suffering the loss of her baby, but she does not win his love till the end. One of the other main characters in the story is Treplev’s mother Arkadina, who is a quite a celebrated actress and loves Trigorin. On the other hand, Trigorin seems to be playing double shuffle between Arkadina and Nina, professing his love to each of them at different times. Arkadina is selfish and self-centered and shows her dislike for her son Treplev’ s play. She rudely interrupts the play several times until Treplev is forced to bring the curtains down on the play. Though her son longs for her love and acceptance, she is too conceited to realize and reciprocate his love, neither does she show him any sympathy or encouragement. Medvedenko, who is a poor school teacher, is madly in love with Masha who is the daughter of Shamraye, the manager of an estate. Masha tells Medvedenko in clear terms that though she knows that he loves her, she cannot love him in return. But finally we find that both of them come to terms with their feelings for each other and get married and settle down. The Seagull depicts a poignant love story that focuses its attention on the playwright’s tragic love quest for Nina, the beautiful actress who rejects his sincere love. He craves to be loved and admired by Nina, who does not reciprocate his love in the least. When his play does not turn out successful he is ridiculed and scoffed at by his mother a nd all those around her. He yearns for solace from Nina but receives nothing from her. In quite a symbolic manner he brings a dead seagull and places it at her feet and tells her that she does not love him because his play was not a success. Chekhov uses the dying seagull to symbolize the pain of defeat and suffering and its acceptance through death. All the other characters in the play support the theme of unrequited love by reflecting the pain and suffering of their own lives. While

The CSI Effect Essay Example for Free

The CSI Effect Essay Many T. V shows come on and influence the public that the things that take place on these shows are real. There is Law in Order SVU, 24, Bones and our favorite CSI that make people think that countless cases are open and close do to outrageous finding of DA traces. The CSI Effect is a theory that criminals are getting smarter. These shows give out numerous tactics on how many cases are cracked and suspects are arrested. The CSI Effect also results in various hang juries and miss trials due to lack of evidence. The jury is starting to need more evidence, because the influence they have from watching these television shows. I have seen a show on television called CSI Miami. On this particular show, there was a murder-taking place with no clue at all, on who committed the crime. They had recovered some DA, but there were no past data to make a match on a suspect. The detectives had someone in question on who it might be but no evidence to hold him to the crime. Out of nowhere, one of the detectives on the case was talking to the man in question and somehow saw up his nose a dot of blood no bigger than the period at the end of this sentence. He then grabbed a q-tip and told the man to stand steal while he dug up his nose to retrieve the DA. The DA sample was too small to test, so they sent it out to the FBI who has a glucose blood enhancer to stretch the DA enough to run the match. Of course, the DA was a match. The show then goes off and another bad person offs the street. This story is what is changing the minds of criminals and way of thinking. Criminals are starting to clean their tracks. Detectives are closing in on criminal and finding that they are cleaning the whole crime scene. Once entering a house the place is washed down in bleach to cover all traces of DA. Some rapist are wearing condoms and making their victims take baths to clean off all traces of the criminal’s DA. Criminals are also taking extra measures to wear gloves and masks so they cannot be seen or leave any fingerprints. They are taking more precaution on having an alibi stating they were never around when the crime took place. The theory is that criminals are watching these shows and learning on how to maintain a criminal life style without being locked up. These shows are making the police jobs much harder to apprehend suspects. Another default with this CSI Effect is that it is making the courts harder the sentence criminals. Juries are starting to want more evidence from prosecutors and DA matches to prove the defendant’s guilt. There was a case with two detectives shot and killed in an undercover gun deal. On the evening of March 10, 2003, two New York Police Department detectives, James V.  Nemorin and Rodney J. Andrews, were shot and killed in an unmarked police car while attempting an undercover purchase of a Tec-9 assault pistol on Staten Island. The case was significant not just because two officers had died but because the man who was eventually charged with the murders, Ronell Wilson, faced the possibility of becoming the first person in more than fifty years to be executed for a crime in New York State. The government’s theory was that Wilson, who was with an accomplice in the back seat of the car, shot the detectives during a robbery attempt. Among the evidence retrieved from the crime scene were hundreds of hairs and fibres, and prosecutors enlisted Lisa Faber, a criminalist and the supervisor of the N. Y. P. D. crime lab’s hair-and-fibre unit, to testify at Wilson’s trial, last winter. Under questioning in Brooklyn federal court, Faber said that she had compared samples of fabric from the detectives’ car with fibres found on gloves, jeans, and a baseball cap that Wilson had allegedly been wearing on the night of the crime. The prosecutor asked Faber to describe the methods and equipment she had used to make her analysis. Then she asked Faber what she had found. â€Å"My conclusion is that all of those questioned fibres could have originated from the interior of the Nissan Maxima, from the seats, and/or the backrests,† Faber said. She added that in her field â€Å"the strongest association you can say is that ‘it could have come from’ † the source in question. Faber’s testimony was careful and responsible—and not very significant. She could not say how common the automobile fabric that she had examined is, or how many models and brands use it. Nor could she say how likely it was that the fabric from the car would show up on Wilson’s clothes. Faber used no statistics, because there was no way to establish with any precision the probability that the fibres came from the detectives’ car. DNA tests had proved that blood from one of the detectives was on Wilson’s clothes, and based on this fact, as well as on testimony from his accomplice and from Faber, Wilson was convicted and sentenced to death. â€Å"Given how much evidence they had in the case, I wasn’t crucial,† Faber told me. The prosecutors liked the idea of fibre evidence in addition to everything else. Maybe they thought the jury would like it because it was more ‘CSI’-esque. †(thecsieffect) The fibres could have come from a different car and was not enough proof to prove the case, but due to the television show like CSI and others. The jury thought of the evidence as an open and shut case. Later on there was a sur vey taking asking were the decision that the jury gave influence by CSI and most of the jury said yes. This was a case were the prosecutors took a gamble and won. Most cases do not end like this. Most case there is not enough evidence to back up the case. The CSI Effect is only a theory, which means there are not enough facts to back up this case but enough intelligence for some facts to stand. For every sentence that is handed out because of evidence pointing in the direction of guilty, another case is a not guilty verdict due to lack of evidence. Some may say that television hit show CSI is the cause, but some may say that it is not the case. I say, with great detective work and as much evidence that one can gather, this CSI theory would not even be up for debate.

Business Applications Of Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Business Applications Of Information Systems Information Technology Essay Introduction Information System handles the flow and maintenance of information that supports a business or some other operation. Information is derived from meaningful interpretation of data. Data consists of the raw facts representing events occurring in the environment. An Information System can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. All information systems can be described as organizational and management solutions to challenges posed by the environment. An understanding of the effective and responsible use and management of information systems and technologies is important for managers, business professionals, and other knowledge workers in todays internetworked enterprises. Information systems play a vital role in the e-business and e-commerce operations, enterprise collaboration and management, and strategic success of businesses that must operate in an internetworked global environment. Thus, the field of information systems has become a major functional area of business administration. Business Applications of Information Systems Information systems perform three vital roles in business firms. Business applications of IS support an organizations business processes and operations, business decision-making, and strategic competitive advantage. Major application categories of information systems include operations support systems, such as transaction processing systems, process control systems, and enterprise collaboration systems, and management support systems, such as management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Other major categories are expert systems, knowledge management systems, strategic information systems, and functional business systems. However, in the real world most application categories are combined into cross-functional information systems that provide information and support for decision-making and also perform operational information processing activities. An information system (IS) can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminate information in an organization. Information Technologies:Business professionals rely on many types of information systems that use a variety of information technologies. For example: Types of IS- Manual (paper-and-pencil) information systems- Informal (word-of-mouth) information systems- Formal (written procedures) information systems- Computer-based information systems Computer-based information systems (IS) use hardware, software, the Internet, and other telecommunications networks, computer-based data resource management techniques, and other forms of information technologies (IT) to transform data resources into a variety of information products for consumers and business professionals. The role of Information System in an Organisation Information systems perform three vital roles in any type of organization. That is, they support an organizations: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Business processes and operations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Decision making by employees and managers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Strategies for competitive advantage Analysing Royal Caribbean International We can learn a lot about the challenges of revitalizing and redirecting information technology in a company from the Real World Case of Royal Caribbean International. Take a few minutes to read it, and we will discuss it (See Royal Caribbean International: Renewing and Realigning IT with Business in Section IX). The Major Roles of IS: Examples [Figure 1.9] Three major roles of the business applications of information systems include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Support Business Processes involves dealing with information systems that support the business processes and operations in a business. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Support Decision Making help decision makers to make better decisions and attempt to gain a competitive advantage. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Support Competitive Advantage help decision makers to gain a strategic advantage over competitors requires innovative use of information technology. Information System Implementation New information technologies offer scholarly publishers an historic opportunity to increase speed and efficiency of production, add convenience for contributors, and enhance value for readers. The implementation of these systems, however, involves substantial risk. Information technology (IT) projects can and often do fall short of their objectives for a variety of reasons, including cost overruns, resistance from staff or external users, and failure of the technology to perform as expected Elements of complete IS implementation 1 . Development of computer applications for business transactions, such as production, marketing, selling, etc. 2 . Development of management information systems for effective business control 3 . Planned introduction and use of computers and telecommunications 4. Creation of an overall systems and standards architecture for technology, applications and data 5. Development of information systems for business planning 6. Improved productivity in information systems and computing 7. Development of appropriate staff resources 8. Development of internal support systems (payroll, personnel, pensions, etc.) Information System Implementation Success Implementing systems such as the electronic medical record and computerized physician order entry is a complex and difficult organizational undertaking. These implementations require political mobilization of the medical and nursing staffs, reengineering of clinical processes, significant capital commitments, management of large-scale projects and major changes to the IT infrastructure. The magnitude of this undertaking leads to a high failure rate, which some estimate to be as high as 50 percent. Still, some organizations have succeeded thanks to a combination of clear goals, partnership and implementation skills: Strong organizational vision and strategy. Successful organizations have developed a vision of patient care and a strategy to achieve that vision that is compelling, clear and understood by the members of the organization. This vision describes the critical need for excellence in care delivery and points to clinical systems as essential, strategic contributions to the vision. Most information systems initiatives do not require the bedrock of a compelling organizational vision, but clinical information system implementations do. These systems require the commitment and efforts of virtually all staff. They require deep change in operational and clinical processes. And, they require that other investment opportunities be put off, often for several years. For information system implementations of this significance to succeed, the organization must understand why it is doing so and believe that success is essential. Talented and committed leadership. Systems implementation and the related changes in the organization must be guided by senior leadership. This leadership must come from the board and all senior members of the administrative and medical staffs. These leaders must have the ability to inspire and mobilize others to get things done. They must actively engage in changing the organization, and once committed, they must have the strength to thoughtfully stay the course. These leaders must ask hard questions about the systems and their implementation. And they must be pragmaticsuperb practitioners of the art of the possible. A partnership between the clinical, administrative and information technology staffs. Across the strata of the organization, many effective, multidisciplinary teams will be needed. These teams will design information systems, develop new ways to do the work, revise policies and procedures, craft implementation steps, develop training materials and create approaches to resolving inevitable problems. Team members must view their efforts as a partnership. They must illustrate the attributes of high performance teams: skilled, honest, dedicated, willing to compromise and focused on the overall goal. Excellent implementation skills. The implementation of complex information systems requires deep skill. These skills need to occur in two critical areas: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Project management is needed to define, manage and monitor the large number of tasks, staff and resources that are being brought to the implementation. Good project management requires clear definitions of scope, well-reasoned delineation of tasks, astute assignment of accountability for task performance, flexibility in addressing problems and necessary changes in direction, and the ability to identify and resolve problems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Support is the set of activities that causes an application to stick, that is, to become an integral part of the fabric of practice. Support includes training, responsive enhancements, ongoing communication, discussion of status and problems, and crafting the evolution of clinical policies and procedures. Good to excellent IT. No information system is perfect, and users will find limitations in any clinical information system. Nonetheless, the applications need to be good enough to support the work that needs to be done. These systems must be able to handle critical changes in functionality that are required to address desired workflow and reporting needs. These systems should improve the work lives of providers rather than hinder them. Types of implementation plans Three general tactical implementation plans: The process of putting the new information system online and retiring the old system is known as system changeover. There are four changeover methods which are: > Direct cutover: The direct cutover approach causes the changeover from the old system to the new system to occur immediately when the new system becomes operational. It is the least expensive but involves more risks than other changeover methods. Advantage As we know health centre does not have enough funds for implementing the new system so it would be easier to implement direct cutover method in the health centre. Disadvantage This method of system changeover involves more risks of total system failure and it is preferred for commercial software packages. So if there is a system failure in health centre then it will be difficult to store information of child who visits health centre. And if there is no proper storage then there will be incorrect reports and monitoring of childs health will not be properly done. > Parallel operation: The parallel operation changeover method requires that both the old and the new information systems operate fully for a specified period. Data is input to both systems and output generated by the new system is compared with the equivalent output from the old system. When users, management, and IT group are satisfied that the new system operates correctly then the old system is terminated. It is the most costly changeover method and involves lower risks. Advantage The advantage of parallel system is lower risk of system failure so all the tasks can be done properly at health centre. If the new system does not work properly, the health centre can use the old manual system as a backup until appropriate changes are made. Disadvantage As we know parallel system is the most costly changeover method as both old and new systems operate fully for specified period and we also know that the budget of health centre is also low so it will be difficult for health centre to follow this changeover process. > Pilot operation: The pilot changeover method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of a company. Direct cutover method and operating both systems for only the pilot site. The group that uses the new system first is called the pilot site. By restricting the implementation to a pilot site reduces the risk of system failure as compared with is less expensive than a parallel system. Advantages Pilot operation is combination of both direct cutover and parallel operation, which restricts the implementation to a pilot site and reduces risk of system failure as compared with a direct cutover method. Operating system only at pilot site is less expensive than parallel operation for entire health centre and all health centers. If we use parallel approach to complete the implementation then the changeover period can be much shorter if system proves successful at the pilot site so a lot of time will be consumed at health centre in implementing the new system. Disadvantage This method is also costly as compared to the direct cutover. > Phased operation: The phased operation changeover method involves implementing the new system in stages, or modules. We can implement each subsystem by using any of the other three changeover methods. In this approach risk of errors or failures is limited to the implemented module only as well as it is less expensive than the full parallel operation. For implementing child health information system we can use above methods but there are some advantages as well disadvantages of using these systems, which are explained below: Advantages As we know in this method we have to implement the new system in stages, or modules, which is less prone to risk of system failure or errors at health centers, as failure is limited to the implemented module only. It is also less expensive than parallel system because we have to work only with one part of system at a time. Disadvantage As the system, which we are implementing, involves various phased operation like treatment, measuring weight, registration, vaccination etc so it can cost more than the pilot approach. Recommendation As we can determine from above information that pilot approach is the best approach where we can see the combination of less risks as well as less implementation cost because. There are many health centers so we can implement the new system only at any one of the health centers to check whether it is working appropriately or not. And this method is also cheaper than all other metho

Critically assess the main arguments in Outsiders

Critically assess the main arguments in Outsiders Arguing that social deviance is a more common phenomenon than perceived and that conventional wisdom that social deviants are pathological is incorrect Howard S. Becker, born April 18th 1928, is a well known renowned American Sociologist. Of all his many writings, Outsiders, which was written in 1963, is one of his most imperative and prominent works, regarded as critical classical study within the discipline of sociology and deviance. It can be said that it is one of Beckers most famous pieces of work which offered one of the first and clearest explanations for the labelling theory. Outsiders continues to be a seminal text on the Interactionists approach to deviance in society today. He states that the outsider the deviant from group rules has been the subject of much speculation, theorizing, and scientific study (Becker 1997: 3). Howard Becker elaborates the study of deviance specifically from a social perspective, and considers the processes by which people or different types of acts come to be labelled as deviant. His ideas and arguments are based upon his notion that deviance is not a quality of a bad person but it is the res ult of someone characterizing and labelling someones activity as bad. This essay asks one to critically assess the main arguments Becker puts forward in Outsiders. Becker sets the foundations for his ideas on labelling theory in his book and furthers the notions of other Sociologists such as Edwin Lemert. Lemert has been commonly credited with being the founder and one of the firsts to discuss what has been called the Societal Reaction theory. In Lemerts book Social Pathology written in 1951, Lemert summarized an approach which has been regarded and considered to be an original version of the labelling theory. In his book he focuses on the social construction of deviance and explained deviance to be the product of societys reaction to an act and the affixing of a deviant label to the actor. The book explains the concepts of primary and secondary deviance and according to Lemert; primary deviance is the initial incidence of an act causing someone of authority to label the actor as deviant. This initial labelling of an act deemed deviant would stay prima ry for as long as the actor can rationalize the process as a function of a socially acceptable role (Lemert 1951). As well as discussing the theory of labelling, Becker appraises the process in where users of marihuana become labelled as deviants and talks about jazz music. The main objective is to attempt to critically evaluate and analyse the ideas and themes contained within the book and assess his arguments. The book was written in the 60s and as a consequence it is quite outdated, and although some of his ideas and theories are relevant in todays society, some of them can not in context. In addition he uses the term `Negros rather than African American to describe black people and he puts homosexuality into the same deviant group such as alcoholics, gamblers and people who are on drugs. In Beckers book he coins and furthers the term labelling theory. It explains that if individuals or groups are defined as deviant, there will be important and often unanticipated consequences at the level of behaviour (Abercrombie et al. 1988: 132). Chapter one explains what deviance is and Becker argues the limitations of existing attempts to define deviance. He explained for deviance to exist, the behaviour has to be first observed and then judged to be deviant. Becker stated that social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance; and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them outsiders (Becker 1997: 9). When a rule is enforced, the person who is supposed to have broken it may be seen as a special kind of person, one cannot be trusted to live by the tiles agreed on by the group. He is regarded as an outsider (Becker 1997: 3). Furthermore, Becker points out that what one may define as a deviant; another perhaps in a different society would not. In addition the person who is thus labelled an outsider may have a different view of the matter and may believe that those that have judged them not to be legitimately entitled to do so so then the rule breakers may see those tha t judged as outsiders. Becker stated that different social groups created deviance by making the rules whose infraction constituted deviance and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders. Becker stated that after one has been ascribed as a deviant, they then progress down the path of a deviant career as that is what they have been labelled as. This then becomes hard to get rid of. Becker claimed though that when we are studying people who are deviant we should not take their deviance for granted due to the fact we cannot assume that these people have actually committed a deviant act or broken some rule, because the process of labelling theory may not be infallible. Furthermore, an individual who has been labelled as a deviant may not have committed the act intentionally believing that it was in fact deviant. In addition, this does not necessarily mean that the individual was even a deviant in the past which is a critical examination of the book. Wh en a person is labelled as such by society, they then accept this label so because they now seem themselves as criminals they then are likely to continue on their deviant behaviour (Becker 1997).  Deviant becomes a master status, it becomes the key definition in the eyes of the wider society of who and what you are. In chapter two Becker points outs and states that he is not here to argue that only acts which are regarded as deviant by others are really deviant (Becker 1997: 19). If we look at this in relation to homosexuality, in the 60s it was deemed as a criminal offence but too those who were homosexual it was who they were. Becker explains two different models of deviance; the simultaneous and sequential models. The simultaneous claims that particular behaviours occur as a result of a number of variables arising at the same time and the sequential model contends that particular behaviours are caused by sequence of occurrences. Becker criticises the implicit theoretical assumption in standard which attempts to explain deviancy; that all factor operate simultaneously and seek to predict behaviour. Becker used juvenile delinquency as an example and explained and argued that coming from a broken home or in an environment with negative influences will not necessarily lead to juvenile delinquency but rather would be one of a series of sequential events or circumstances.  The sequential model in addition is too apparent in the following two chapters which detail and explain how one learns the techniques of how to use marihuana and this in the process assists the formation of an individual identity. this may include joining a social group in which the drug is available and learning their techniques on how to smoke. For instance, most users agree that it cannot be smoked like tobacco if one is to get high (Becker 1997: 46). In addition without the use of some such technique the drug will produce no effects and the user will be unable to get high. In relation to a musician career, which is one of the topics Becker discusses, he stated that Members of the musicians demographic go from being `normal family men to dance musicians, adapting to the needs of that sub-culture as they do so. For example, a musician may feel pressurized and forced into playing commercial music to meet perceived demand, even if that is not the type of music they wanted to play or produce. Musicians in general continuously adapt their music to the needs of their sub-culture, even if this means compromising the quality of their music. As a result they may have been seen to be selling out, loosing their integrity and in addition they would have lost the respect from their musical counterparts.  In todays society this may be apparent in hip hop, with many people complaining that the integrity of the genre has gone with record labels interested on what sells more, rather than good music. In relation to deviance, Becker linked it and explained the processes through which dance musicians find work as deviant. Even though their culture may be different to that of an ordinary job, what they do is no different to what occurs in the music industry today. A popular quote used in show business is its not what you know, its who you know and it is just as imperative and important today as it was back in the 1960s. Nevertheless there is a contradiction when Becker talks about losing the respect of other dance musicians. It leads to the question though that how can respect be lost if all dance musicians act in the same way and manner. Thus can it be seemed deviant. The final chapter looks at problems and sympathies within the study of deviance, where Becker describes a lack of substance in the theories that exist, believing them to be faulty or inadequate. He believes that not enough is known about deviant groups such as homosexuals, and gaps exist not just with homosexuals but with other deviant groups. He also describes how access to information and to the groups that are the focus for study is restricted, because those classed as outsiders in turn reciprocate that label to the rest of society; this forms part of an element of protection on the deviants part. Questions are posed, such as `how do researchers find doctors who are drug-addicts themselves, or even homosexuals of certain kinds? Becker even asks what stand-point the researcher will take, due to the many levels of individual characteristics in any social group; essentially, how will a researcher remove any other factors that may influence his study beyond that which he intends to ma nipulate.   The work analysing how deviance is socially constructed is revelatory. This has pure presence. Becker shows how deviance is created through the appliance of rules by people who define deviance and then search for the miscreants. It is form of institutional violence enacted on the powerless outer groups to create an inner sense of camaraderie; the socially included.   Becker examines some of the criticisms and feels that labelling theory was created as a way of looking at a general area of human activity (1963). Moreover he suggests that it was created as a way of looking at a general area of human activity (1963).   However, it is not a theory, with all the achievements and obligations that go with the title, nor is it focussed exclusively on the act of labelling as some have thought. Moreover, Becker does mention some of the criticisms given to labelling theory. For example, he states how interactionist theories have been accused of giving aid and comfort to the enemy, be the enemy those who would upset the stability of the existing order of the Establishment. In essence, we have already mentioned the suggestion of Erikson that deviance is a necessary part of society, showing the difference between right and wrong, and encouraging the majority of society to toe the line at the expense of the deviant minority. A further criticism mentioned by Becker is that given by many conservative critics (although other non-conservative critics have also noted this) that is, that interactionist theories of deviance openly or covertly attack conventional morality. Becker acknowledges this, suggesting that int entionally or otherwise, they are corrosive of conventional modes of thought and established institutions. Becker (1967) goes as far as to say that the labelling theorist must side with the deviator, as it is up to the sociologists to remedy unfair situations. However, not all theorists would see the work of Becker and the other labelling theorists as quite so radical. As a matter of fact, many sociologists view labelling theory as an untestable and untrue theory. Furthermore, Becker (1963) acknowledges that his labelling theory is a theoretical approach, not a true theory. As well, Becker suggests that sociologists should attempt establishing empirical tests for his approach. As well, further criticism is given due to the fact that, following behaviour patterns is the mere result of the behaviour patterns being ascribed to it. Secondly, he suggests that while considering the more usual, everyday types of deviance, such as homosexuality, prostitution, and juvenile delinquency, the l abelling theorists have totally ignored a more dangerous and malevolent type of deviance, what Liazos himself terms covert institutional violence. He suggests that this type of violence leads to such things as poverty and exploitation, the war in Vietnam, unjust tax laws, racism, sexism, and so on (1972). However, it is questionable whether labelling theorists should even attempt to discuss forms of deviance such as this in the same way as more commonplace individual crimes, or whether the two should be kept totally separate, being so different in subject matter. Liazos also criticises the labelling theorists as they do not consider the extent of the importance of power in their substantive analysis, although all stress its importance. He says that the really powerful, the upper classes and the power elite, those that could be referred to as the top dogs, are not considered in any great detail by the labelling theorists. A further criticism of the labelling theory is that of Jack Gi bb (1966). He questions the success of the labelling theorists in terms of how they interpret the defining of behaviour as deviant, as well as, how much study is actually done in this area. In addition, Becker (1963) goes out of his way to explain the underlying problems of labelling theory. First of all, he suggests that there are not enough studies of deviant behaviour. He further implies that there are not enough studies of enough kinds of deviant behaviour. Finally, he insists that another deficiency of the labelling theory is that they dont have enough studies in which the persons doing the research achieve close contact with those that they study, in order for them to become aware of the complex and manifold character of the deviant activity. Becker (1963) also speaks of the difficulty with secrecy. As a matter of fact, in many cases the deviant individual performs deviant acts in secrecy and does not wish this behaviour to be known universally. For example, in the results fou nd by Humphreys in his study of the `Tearoom Trade`, many of the individuals partaking in homosexual behaviour were married with children. When asked later in questionnaires about their views on homosexuality, very few admitted to visiting the tearooms. In its entirety, the labelling theory has been imperative within the discipline of Sociology. What is more, after extensive critical analysis it appears to be evident that the theory has proven to be very significant in establishing a relative body of empirical research evidence on the study of crime and deviance. After an individual has been labelled a deviant they then lead a life of crime and become deviants which is the main focus Becker stressed. Nevertheless, Becker also pointed out that when studying deviant people one should not take their deviance for granted, as one cannot presuppose they had actually committed a deviant or criminal act for the reason that the process of labelling theory may not be foolproof and reliable. In other words, to be labelled deviant does not necessarily mean that the individual is, or has been deviant in the past.   Some sociologists dispute the labelling theory and insist it is not really a theory. Becker stressed the need for more empirical research on his study of it as he concluded Outsiders and many sociologists today have furthered his ideas and explanations. Nevertheless, the labelling theory will forever remain useful as long as deviant behaviour exists in society. Critically, Becker focuses on the way society reacts to people with criminal labels. He proposes that this label becomes a persons master status, meaning that this is a constant label, affecting and over-riding how others will view them. The status people use to identify and classify a person will always be that of a criminal and no matter what other social status the individual has, they will always be deemed deviant. He declared that one may be someone high in class, perhaps a sibling, parent or spouse nevertheless the first and major status that everyone would focus on was the criminal and deviant label (Becker 1963).  

Essay --

Roland Joffà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s The Mission excellently demonstrates the powerful, far reaching, and frankly, life changing effects cultural interaction between differing cultures can have. Set in the mid 18th century in the Amazon rainforest, the film primarily focuses on Father Gabriel, a Jesuit missionary played by Jeremy Irons, as he establishes a Christian mission for the purpose of converting the native Guarani people, and later as he organizes a resistance effort opposing the closing of the mission. In critical instances throughout the movie, the positive effect of cultural interaction is evidently clear, as the Guarani way of life is greatly improved through the knowledge and technology Father Gabriel, Mendoza and the rest of the mission introduce to the Guarani, while in other scenes the obvious downsides of cultural interaction are violently and brutally exposed as Portuguese settlers destroy the mission and enslave the Guarani. Father Gabriel’s first meeting with the Guarani concludes with his music conquering the Guarani with its purity and perfection. At first, the Guarani are hesitant as they encircle him, but Father Gabriel does not run for safety or plea for his life, rather he simply continues to play his oboe as the stunned natives listen. No words are spoken, and no violence occurs, instead the native Guarani are intrigued by Father Gabriel, allowing him to live and he gradually wins their trust. Over time, Father Gabriel’s mission serves as a place of safe haven and learning for the Guarani. Father Gabriel and his priests, among them Mendoza and others, teach the Guarani how to carve and play flutes, violins, and other instruments, as well how to sing with vigour and passion. In various scenes, the mission choir can be heard ... ...Portuguese governments, the Guarani and Jesuit’s relationship is strained. During the land exchange, the Spanish minister concludes that the mission is to be closed down – by force if necessary. All the Jesuit missionaries and many Guarani warriors are wounded and/or killed in the impending battle. The sequence in which the Portuguese settlers torch the mission – in the name of bloodlust – expresses cultural interaction – between cultures who do not see eye to eye – has its negatives, as well as positives. Though the true heroes of the film are killed, Father Gabriel’s convictions live on in the Guarani whose lives he touched. The final lines of the movie, delivered by the emissary the Vatican reflect this point well: â€Å"But in truth it is I who am dead, and they who live. For as always, your holiness, the spirit of the dead will survive in the memory of the living.†

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION I. â€Å"We didn’t land on Plymouth Rock, my brothers and sisters – Plymouth Rock landed on us!† Malcolm X’s observation is brought out by the facts of American History. Snatched from their native land, transported thousands of miles – in a nightmare of disease and death – and sold into slavery, blacks were reduced to the legal status of farm animals. Even after emancipation, blacks were segregated from whites – in some states by law, and by social practice almost everywhere. American apartheid continued for another century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1954 the Supreme Court declared state-compelled segregation in schools unconstitutional, and it followed up that decision with others that struck down many forms of official segregation. Still, discrimination survived, and in most southern states blacks were either discouraged or prohibited from exercising their right to vote. Not until the 1960’s was compulsory segregation finally and effectively challenged. Between 1964 and 1968 Congress passed the most sweeping civil rights legislation since the end of the Civil War. It banned discrimination in employment, public accommodations (hotels, motels, restaurants, etc.), and housing; it also guaranteed voting rights for blacks in areas suspected of disenfranchising blacks. Today, several agencies in the federal government exercise sweeping powers to enforce these civil rights measures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But is that enough? Equality of condition between blacks and whites seems as elusive as ever. The black unemployment rate is double that of whites, and the percentage of black families living in poverty is nearly four times that of whites. Only a small percentage of blacks ever make it into medical school or law schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advocates of affirmative action have focused upon these differences to support their argument that it is no longer enough just to stop discrimination. Liberal Democrats feel that the damage done by three centuries of racism now has to be remedied, they argue, and effective remediation requires a policy of â€Å"affirmative action.† At the heart of affirmative action is the use of â€Å"numerical goals.† Opponents call them â€Å"racial quotas.† Whatever the name, what they imply is the setting aside of a certain number of jobs or positions for blacks or other historically oppressed groups. Conservative Republicans charge that affirmative action really amounts to reverse discrimination, that it penalizes innocent people simply because they are white, that it often results in unqualified appointments, and that it ends up harming instead of helping blacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of preferences to address historical patterns of racial, ethnic, and gender discrimination has received a great deal of attention nationally.

Ethan Frome Essay

2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been  found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? d 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings? 2nde COURSEWORK – possible titles Essay Topics 1. With reference to at least two characters in the novel Ethan Frome, show in detail how Wharton uses setting to reflect character. OR Explore the different ways in which setting is used in this novel. 2. Choose two key scenes and explore how Wharton brings to life the tension (or the antagonism) that exists between Zeena and Ethan. 3. Explore how Wharton creates suspense in the novel Ethan Frome. 4. Explore the ways in which Wharton arouses sympathy in the reader for the main character, Ethan Frome. OR How far and in what ways does Wharton make Ethan Frome a sympathetic character? 5. Analyse the different ways in which loneliness is presented in Ethan Frome. Text Analysis 1. Re-read from page 72 â€Å"Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him† to page 74 â€Å"Tears rose in his throat and slowly burned their way to his lids.† How does the writer illustrate Ethan’s changing emotions? How does this passage prepare us for events to come? 2. Re-read from page 16 â€Å"When his wife first proposed that they should give Mattie an occasional evening †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to page 17 â€Å"and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.† What does this passage reveal about Ethan’s feelings towards Mattie and explore the way in which Wharton brings to life those feelings?

Market research

The familiarity/brand selected for the interrogation project project Is W exclusively- mart. INTRODUCTION W all-Mart Stores, Inc. , brand as Wall-Mart, Is an American multinational sell locoweed that runs trains of large give the sack de wear outment inves soft dieture trusts and wargonhouse chime ins. Headquartered In Bonneville, Arkansas, the comp each was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and merged on October 31, 1969. It has eveningryplace 11,000 repositions in 27 countries, beneath a total 55 antithetic names. It operates in India as outdo hurt.The go with is the introductions largest public corporation, the freehandgest private employer in the verbal with over two cardinal employees and the largest sell merchant in the world. Wall-Mart is a family- imbibe craft, as the order Is controlled by the Walton family, who own over 50 per cent of Wall-Mart through their memory smart set, Walton Enterprises. It is similarly one of the worlds most worthful c ompanies and is to a fault the largest grocery retailer in the US. The confederacy between Birth Enterprises and Wall-Mart has been dissolved.Now Walter India secret control is a wholly owned hyponym of Wall-Mart Stores Inc. Walter India owns and operates 20 lift out price youthful sell stores in 8 states crosswise India. Division of wall-mart Neighborhood Markets (groceries) Cams sociable club (membership) send packing stores (FMC & app atomic number 18ls) Wall-Mart superstructures (groceries) THE PROBLEMS FACED BY WALL-MART former(a) approach Overlook competitors Destroy weensy vocationes control stick adventure & Nationalism assimilation digression Suppliers Government Regulations The problem which is looked at In this enquiry project is political science regulation.The direction of the problem- The problem which Is looked at In this search project Is the government for retail world(a) companies practises it difficult to make any nurture in India so Wall-Mart privations to instal e-commerce. fair game of the study- it is to see how Wall-Mart allow for make a difference in the saving by online purchases. To see how the Indian food market responds to e-commerce and pull up s use ups it help in increase gross revenue of the play along. What leave India do for Wall-Mart?Wall-Mart ineluctably India, and it needinesss success in India. At the a a equal(p) moment as the peg venture in India was announced this weekend, Wall-Mart announced something sensory closely its November financial accomplishment. In the US, in stores that have been spread out at least(prenominal) a year, gross revenue in reality knock off compargond to pop off year. Same-store US gross revenue spend alone 0. 1% the turn down comes to most $mm. It wouldnt have been a decline at all if each US store had sold Just $1 ,250 a week in additive swap.The performance is chilling because its only the bit fourth dimension in 25 long time that Wall- M arts same-store sales havent grown. The truth is that while the US becalm accounts for more than 70% of Wall-Marts sales, the province is amply up with Wall-Marts 53% of Americans already rest within five miles of a Wall-Mart, and 90% live within 15 miles. If an American wants to denounce at Wall-Mart, he or she already is. So if Wall-Mart is freeing to go forward to grow, it must tap raw and candid markets homogeneous India. What exit Wall- Mart do to India?The mood about Wall-Mart in the united States is conflicted, at best. For two long time, on that point has been a noisy national repugn about Wall-Marts impact low prices, yes, solely besides low wages, poor working(a) conditions, runty merchants swept a behavior, manufacturers squeezed. In the juvenile congressional elections, prominent Democrat politicians routinely attacked Wall-Mart, notwithstanding the fact that millions of Democrat voters shop in that respect every week. In exploitation nations, in co ntrast, the arrival of Wall- Mart stores is compose greeted with gratitude.But leave alone Wall-Mart bring with it to India exactly the assortment of business practices that cause resistance to it in the US? Indians retail market is probably to be transformed over the adjacent 10 years, and Wall-Mart is determined to be part of that. When a superstore circularizes that can do $1 m or $mm in business a week, its going to vacuity sales away from small merchants. Yes, Wall- Marts, and all hyper marts, hold hundreds of Jobs. But there is a big difference between world a shopkeeper, and working in a store for mega-corporation.But at this Indians elected officials want to belowstand what happens when Wall-Mart arrives, hey need only refer local anesthetic anaesthetic officials in principal(prenominal)land China or Mexico or Missouri. And if Indian officials want to two guidebook in a young consumer era, and deliver some of the traditional aspects of Indian commerce, they n eed to act now with zone laws, with rules on the size of stores and the hours they may be devote before the hyper marts roll in. once they spot the landscape, as weve discovered in the US, its in any case late to do anything entirely lament the traditional ways of obtain.SECONDARY look for FINDINGS Wall-Mart go away open 50 gold-and stock-stores in the atomic number 18a in the succeeding(a) 4-5 years, a eve that willing strengthen the strawman of the retail major in the self-colouredsale fragment. The resolution comes a day later on the Bops pronunciamento decl ared that the party will not allow foreign site investment ( fad) in the multi-brand retail segment if it forms the succeeding(a) government. The BGP, in its manifesto unveil Monday, say that it is not in kick upstairs of passion in the multi-brand retail empyrean, though it was open to furor in all opposite sectors if it led to Job and asset creation.However, the company has refrained from en tering the sector, citing stringent conditions cogitate to authorization 30 per cent local rouging. devoted that nose candy per cent cultus is allowed in the exchange and carry segment, this sector presents an prospect to the company to make in-roads in the grand Indian market. In a statement, Walter in addition said that it will open up business-to-business (tipple) e-commerce political platform for members of its exchange and carry Best determine current Wholesale Stores. Walter is pull to India and we are excited about our fruit plans.We will continue to focus on the cash and carry format as we are very happy with the way it has do up in the last a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) years. The format is to a fault gathered o grow in India and we would like to march the growing customer stolid by opening 50 sore cash and carry stores over the next four-five years and extend the e-commerce platform to our cash and carry members with a virtual obtain opportunity, Scott price, chair and CEO, Walter Asia, said, in the statement. The retailer soon has 20 Best Price Modern Wholesale Stores in the farming.The first store exposed in Marital in may 2009. Currently, 100 per cent FAD is allowed in exclusive brand retail, and 51 per cent is allowed in the multi-brand retail sector. Also, 100 per cent FAD is allowed in BIB e-commerce, exactly not in BBC e-commerce. Price also said that the company will take a procedure of master(prenominal) travel to strengthen compliance so that we do the right thing everyday. We are evaluating and reinforcing procedures and programs relating to all compliance areas And responsible sourcing among some others, Price added.PEST depth psychology Strong opposition to FAD in Indians retail sector tax income police force VAT Low annoy to banking facilities stinting analysis GAP harvest-tide abroad investments Money supply inflation amicable analysis Corporate social function Environmental safety chasten ess of shopping Technological analysis sell media net ERP arranging Online shopping CRM system CONSUMER abstract What will Wall-Mart do for Indian consumers? Wall-Mart will be a awareness in India as it has been in China and in Mexico.At the moment, there is Just a single hyper mart in the whole country, in Iambi. Indians rapidly growing nerve mob has more money to surpass than any previous generation scarcely no place to spend it. Just 7% of retail spending in the country is in what westerners would consider make retail stores. Even in China, that number is 20%. So Wall-Marts acres of low-priced merchandise from around the world, gathered under a single roof, will be like a carnival for a solidus of Indian consumers.Wall-Mart store openings in underdeveloped nations are frequently long events tens of thousands of Chinese show up when raw(a) stores open there and with good reason. pack everywhere are grateful to have the products of the world delivered to their doorstep at low-cost prices. Competitors are competitors within an perseverance. Competition in the industry can be atonic with few competitors that dont debate very crisply or it can be knifelike tit many competitors fighting in a cut-throat environment.Key competitors of Walter in the retail sectors are VA glasswort sort out- It has a strong figurehead in apparel retail and owns storied brands like Allen Solely, Louis Phillips, Trouser Town, Van Houses and dickhead England. The company has started to expand aggressively to compete with other players. Trend- It is subsidiary of the Data group, operates life-style retail set up, book and music chain consumer electronics chain etc. Landmark conference K Rajah Crop Group combine Pantaloon Others stores are Big fair Spencer advertent & metro are the main wholesale cash-and-carry brands.Market researchThe company/brand selected for the research proposal project Is Wall-Mart. INTRODUCTION Wall-Mart Stores, Inc. , branded as Wall-Mart, Is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount discussion section stores and warehouse stores. Headquartered In Bonneville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969. It has over 11,000 stores in 27 countries, under a total 55 different names. It operates in India as Best Price.The company is the worlds largest public corporation, the biggest private employer in the oral with over two million employees and the largest retailer in the world. Wall-Mart is a family-owned business, as the company Is controlled by the Walton family, who own over 50 percent of Wall-Mart through their holding company, Walton Enterprises. It is also one of the worlds most valuable companies and is also the largest grocery retailer in the US. The partnership between Birth Enterprises and Wall-Mart has been dissolved.Now Walter India Private Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wall-Mart Stores Inc. Walter India owns and operates 20 Best Price Modern Wholesale stores in 8 states across India. Division of wall-mart Neighborhood Markets (groceries) Cams Club (membership) Discount stores (FMC & apparels) Wall-Mart superstructures (groceries) THE PROBLEMS FACED BY WALL-MART Late entry Overlook competitors Destroy small businesses Joint venture & Nationalism Culture difference Suppliers Government Regulations The problem which is looked at In this research project is government regulation.The statement of the problem- The problem which Is looked at In this research project Is the government for retail global companies makes it difficult to make any development in India so Wall-Mart wants to launch e-commerce. Objective of the study- it is to see how Wall-Mart will make a difference in the economy by online purchases. To see how the Indian market responds to e-commerce and will it help in increasing sales of the company. What will India do for Wall-Mart?Wall-Mart needs India, and it needs success in India. At the same moment as the Joint venture in India was announced this weekend, Wall-Mart announced something stunning about its November financial performance. In the US, in stores that have been open at least a year, sales actually fell compared to last year. Same-store US sales fell Just 0. 1% the decline comes to about $mm. It wouldnt have been a decline at all if each US store had sold Just $1 ,250 a week in additional merchandise.The performance is chilling because its only the second time in 25 years that Wall- Marts same-store sales havent grown. The truth is that while the US still accounts for more than 70% of Wall-Marts sales, the country is full up with Wall-Marts 53% of Americans already live within five miles of a Wall-Mart, and 90% live within 15 miles. If an American wants to shop at Wall-Mart, he or she already is. So if Wall-Mart is going to continue to grow, it must tap new and receptive markets like India. What will Wall- Mart do to India?The mood about Wall-Mart in the United States is conflicted, at best. For two years, there has been a noisy national debate about Wall-Marts impact low prices, yes, but also low wages, poor working conditions, small merchants swept away, manufacturers squeezed. In the recent Congressional elections, prominent Democrat politicians routinely attacked Wall-Mart, despite the fact that millions of Democrat voters shop there every week. In developing nations, in contrast, the arrival of Wall- Mart stores is still greeted with gratitude.But will Wall-Mart bring with it to India exactly the kind of business practices that cause resistance to it in the US? Indians retail market is likely to be transformed over the next 10 years, and Wall-Mart is determined to be part of that. When a superstore opens that can do $1 m or $mm in business a week, its going to vacuum sales away from small merchants. Yes, Wall- Marts, and all hyper marts, create hundreds of Jobs. But there is a big difference between bei ng a shopkeeper, and working in a store for mega-corporation.But at this Indians elected officials want to represent what happens when Wall-Mart arrives, hey need only consult local officials in China or Mexico or Missouri. And if Indian officials want to both usher in a new consumer era, and preserve some of the traditional aspects of Indian commerce, they need to act now with zoning laws, with rules on the size of stores and the hours they may be open before the hyper marts roll in. Once they dot the landscape, as weve discovered in the US, its too late to do anything but mourn the traditional ways of shopping.SECONDARY RESEARCH FINDINGS Wall-Mart will open 50 cash-and carry-stores in the country in the next 4-5 years, a eve that will strengthen the presence of the retail major in the wholesale segment. The announcement comes a day after the Bops manifesto declared that the party will not allow foreign direct investment (FAD) in the multi-brand retail segment if it forms the ne xt government. The BGP, in its manifesto unveiled Monday, said that it is not in favor of FAD in the multi-brand retail sector, though it was open to FAD in all other sectors if it led to Job and asset creation.However, the company has refrained from entering the sector, citing stringent conditions related to mandatory 30 per cent local rouging. Given that 100 per cent FAD is allowed in the cash and carry segment, this sector presents an opportunity to the company to make in-roads in the vast Indian market. In a statement, Walter also said that it will launch business-to-business (BIB) e-commerce platform for members of its cash and carry Best Price Modern Wholesale Stores. Walter is committed to India and we are excited about our growth plans.We will continue to focus on the cash and carry format as we are very happy with the way it has shaped up in the last few years. The format is also poised o grow in India and we would like to serve the growing customer base by opening 50 new c ash and carry stores over the next four-five years and extend the e-commerce platform to our cash and carry members with a virtual shopping opportunity, Scott Price, president and CEO, Walter Asia, said, in the statement. The retailer currently has 20 Best Price Modern Wholesale Stores in the country.The first store opened in Marital in May 2009. Currently, 100 per cent FAD is allowed in single brand retail, and 51 per cent is allowed in the multi-brand retail sector. Also, 100 per cent FAD is allowed in BIB e-commerce, but not in BBC e-commerce. Price also said that the company will take a number of important steps to strengthen compliance so that we do the right thing everyday. We are evaluating and reinforcing procedures and programs relating to all compliance areas And responsible sourcing among others, Price added.PEST ANALYSIS Strong opposition to FAD in Indians retail sector Taxation police VAT Low access to banking facilities Economic analysis GAP growth Foreign investments Money supply Inflation Social analysis Corporate social responsibility Environmental safety Ease of shopping Technological analysis Retail media network ERP system Online shopping CRM system CONSUMER ANALYSIS What will Wall-Mart do for Indian consumers? Wall-Mart will be a sensation in India as it has been in China and in Mexico.At the moment, there is Just a single hyper mart in the whole country, in Iambi. Indians rapidly growing middle class has more money to spend than any previous generation but no place to spend it. Just 7% of retail spending in the country is in what westerners would consider organized retail stores. Even in China, that number is 20%. So Wall-Marts acres of low-cost merchandise from around the world, gathered under a single roof, will be like a carnival for a slice of Indian consumers.Wall-Mart store openings in developing nations are frequently huge events tens of thousands of Chinese show up when new stores open there and with good reason. People every where are grateful to have the products of the world delivered to their doorstep at affordable prices. Competitors are competitors within an industry. Competition in the industry can be weak with few competitors that dont compete very aggressively or it can be intense tit many competitors fighting in a cut-throat environment.Key competitors of Walter in the retail sectors are VA Barilla Group- It has a strong presence in apparel retail and owns renowned brands like Allen Solely, Louis Phillips, Trouser Town, Van Houses and Peter England. The company has started to expand aggressively to compete with other players. Trend- It is subsidiary of the Data group, operates lifestyle retail chain, book and music chain consumer electronics chain etc. Landmark Group K Rajah Crop Group Reliance Pantaloon Others stores are Big bazaar Spencer Careful & metro are the main wholesale cash-and-carry brands.